U1 One-Variable Statistics

Question 1

continuous variable

Answer 1

can have any value w/ in a given range

Question 2

discrete variable

Answer 2

can only have certain values (usually whole #s)

Question 3

simple random sampling

Answer 3

every member of pop has equal chance of being chosen

Question 4

systematic sampling

Answer 4

selecting members at regular intervals

Question 5

stratified sampling

Answer 5

surveying members from different subgroups at equal portions

Question 6

Cluster sampling

Answer 6

• surveying specific related groups to represent pop
• naturally divided

Question 7

multi-stage sampling

Answer 7

• several lvls of random sampling
• ex. country>province>district>highschool>classes

Question 8

voluntary-response

Answer 8

open invitation for pop to participate

Question 9

convenience sample

Answer 9

selected because of access reasons

Question 10

bias

Answer 10

when Data does not reflect the pop

Question 11

unintentional bias

Answer 11

introduced in poor methodology

Question 12

intentional bias

Answer 12

used to manipulate stats for certain POV

Question 13

sampling bias

Answer 13

does not accurately represent pop

Question 14

response bias

Answer 14

elicits false or misleading answers

Question 15

measurement bias

Answer 15

• methodology under/over estimates results
• may contain unnecessary info

Question 16

non-response bias

Answer 16

under represents groups because they choose to not or cannot respond

Question 17

measures of spread

Answer 17

quantities illustrate how close a set of data clusters around its center

Question 18

quartiles

Answer 18

• Q1 is the first half of data (25th percentile)
• Q2 is full set of data (50th percentile)
• Q3 is the second half of data (75th percentile)

Question 19

what does the box & whisker plot graphs?

Answer 19

graph max and min range, Q1, Q2, Q3

Question 20

What are the measures of central tendency?

Answer 20

• mean
• median
• mode

Question 21

deviation

Answer 21

differences between individual data value and the mean

Question 22

variance

Answer 22

mean of the squares of deviation of each data value

Question 23

standard deviation

Answer 23

square root of the variance

Question 24

z-score

Answer 24

measure of the number of standard deviations of a particular data points from the mean

Question 25

range

Answer 25

difference between the min and max value in a data set

Question 26

Interquartile Range (IQR) indicates

Answer 26

the larger the number, the larger the spread of the central half of data

Question 27

precentiles

Answer 27

- measuring the spread of data by separating the data set into 10 equal pieces - 80th percentile means 80% of data is less than or equal to the value