Measurements of uneven development are…
GDP, GNI.
Classifications are…
third/second/first world, global North and South, underdeveloped and developed, developed and developing.
Characteristics are…
Poverty rates, mortality, fertility, literacy and industrialization.
Modernization theory:
explains the path to development;
1. Traditional: subsistence farming.
2. Pre-conditions to take-off: new leadership emerges.
3. Take-off: industrial revolution.
4. Drive to maturity: international trade.
5. High-mass consumption: service shift.
World systems theory:
core, semi-periphery and peripheral countries. Globalization is seen in the labour outsourcing to periphery, and colonialism perpetuates unequal economics.
Problems with GNI:
- Does not conclude the informal economy.
- Internal inequality
- Currency and living cost varies.
Social tools to measure development are…
education, health, housing, and wealth.
Solutions to hunger:
- Increase production.
- Better distribution.
- Support local production.
- Govern food stronger.
Development aid is…
investment to support development.
1. Provide humanitarian aid.
2. Strategic investment.
3. Incentivize policy adoption.
4. Develop alliances.
5. Facilitate change.
Humanitarian aid is…
formal/official help.
-charitable: non-gov. organizations.
-remittence: money transfers home.
pro-aid arguments:
it funds future developments.
anti-aid arguments:
aid is paid by the poor to the rich.
2000 UN Millenium Summit:
- eradicate hunger/poverty
- universal primary education.
- gender equality
- reduce child mortality
- Improve maternal health
- combat disease
7.environmental sustainability
8.global partnership
Significance:
causing wealth and health and food disparities, hunger and migration.
