unique pops obsetrics

Question 1

What is placenta previa

Answer 1

This is a condition in pregnancy whete the placenta implants in the lower part of the uterus, covering part or all of the internal cervical os (the opening of the cervix into the uterus)

Question 2

What are risk factors for placenta previa

Answer 2

Previous c section
previous placenta previa
smoking
Increased maternal age
multiparity

Question 3

What are some clinincal impressions of placental previa

Answer 3

Bleeding, typically painless, bright red vaginal bleeding typically after 20 weeks gestation

Risk of heamorhage

Question 4

What is placental abruption

Answer 4

This is the partial or complete detachment of the placenta from the uterine wall before delivery of the baby. typically occuring beyond 24 weeks

Question 5

What are the risks and clinical presentations? Of placenta abruption

Answer 5

Risks:
Multiparity
malternal hypertention
Trauma
Cocaine use
Increased maternal age
Hx of abruption

Clinical findings:
Vaginal bleeding
Abdo pain
Hypertonic uterine contractions
Uterine tenderness

Question 6

What is our managment of a placental abruption

Answer 6

Symptom managment
Pain relief
Fluids
Potential blood tranfusion
R40 to hospital

Question 7

What is an ectopic pregnancy

Answer 7

This is the abnormal implantation of a fertilised egg OUTSIDE the uterus.

Risk factors:
Scarring of the fallopian tube due to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Previous ectopic
Previous pelvic or tubual surgery
Endometreosis
use of IUD for birth control

Question 8

What are some symtopms/clinical manifestations for a ectopic pregnany

Answer 8

abdo pain - starts as diffuse then locaslises to a sharp pain in the lower abdo

Referred shoulder pain

Missed menstrual period

Intra abdo bleed

Syncope

Question 9

What is our managment for a ectopic pregnany

Answer 9

Identify risk and transport to hospital for investigation

Provide analgesia, manage shock if rupture occurs with fluids and TXA

Question 10

What is pre ecmapsia and how to we diagnose it?

Answer 10

charaterized by hypertention and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestation

diagnosed by a new onset hypertention systolic >140 or diastolic >90 on 2 occasions atleast 4 hrs apart
protienuria after 20 weeds gestation

SEVERE IS CLASSIFIED AS
SYSTOLIC >160 & DIASTOLIC >110

Patho:
Involves maternal and foetal factors, Shallow placentation and failure to remodel sprial ateries, results in hypoxic tissue, oxidative stress, and endotheial dysfuntion. all this leads to vasoconstriction and hypertention.

Question 11

What are some risk factors for pre eclampsia

Answer 11

Pas med hx of preeclampsia
Pre- excisting hypertention
Pre-gestational diabetes
Multi-foetal gestation
Chronic kidney disease
Autoimmune disease

Question 12

What is HELLP Syndrome

Answer 12

This is a severe form of pre eclampsia characterized by Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, low platelet count

Haemolysis (Destruction of red blood cells, leading to fewer red blood cells to carry oxygen)
Elevated liver enzymes (Indicate liver dysfuntion and damage)

Low platlet count (Increases risk of bleeding and clotting issues)

Question 13

What are come complications of HELLP is it dangerous?

Answer 13

YES this is very dangerous!

Complications:

Maternal: Liver rupture, haemorrhage, kidney flaiure, pulmonary oedema, and placental abruption

Foetal: Preterm birth, growth restriction, foetal distress

Question 14

What are some symptoms of HELLP and what is our managment of this condition?

Answer 14

Symptoms:
Abdo pain
Severe headahce
Blurred vision
Nausea & vomiting
Fatigue and swelling
Pain while taking deep breaths
although rare uncontrolled nose bleeds, siezures, or uncontrollable body shakes

Management:
Immediate delivery of baby is often nessesary to prevent furthur complications

Supportive care for mother, including blood pressure managment and monitoring of liver and kidney function

Question 15

What is eclampsia

Answer 15

These are generlised tonic clinic siezures in a preeclamptic patient. Often preceded by visual distrubances and severe headahces. High maternal and foetal mortality risk Required Immediate med intervention!

Managment:
IV access
Midaz
Levo
Magnesium
Monitor for signs of placental absruption or pulmonary oedema
Immediate transport to hospital with obstetric and neonatal care facilities.