Unit 1

Question 1

According to linguists, how many languages are there in the world today?

Answer 1

5000-6000

Question 2

English is an official language in at least _________ countries and territories.

Answer 2

52

Question 3

What are the main ways of communication?

Answer 3

Oral and written language.

Question 4

What are the differences between oral and written language?

Answer 4

1. Age.
2. Universality
3. Acquisition
4. Retrieval
5. Formality
6. Change

Question 5

What are the main types of written texts?

Answer 5

1. Narrative
2. Descriptive
3. Expository (objective and subjective)
4. Argumentative
5. Linguistic routines and formulae

Question 6

What are the six factors of the communication process?

Answer 6

1. Sender
2. Receiver
3. Channel
4. Context
5. Message
6. Code

Question 7

Following, Roman Jakobson, a Russian linguist and literary critic, what are the six communication functions associated with the factors?

Answer 7

1. Referential or ideational (context)
2. Emotive (addresser or sender)
3. Conative (addressee or receiver)
4. Phatic (channel)
5. Poetic (message)
6. Metalingual (Code)

Question 8

What are the three interrelated metafunctions of Michael Halliday?

Answer 8

1. Ideational: To express ideas or experiences.
2. Interpersonal: To indicate, establish or maintain social relationships.
3. Textual: To create written or spoken texts that fit in the particular situations in which they are used.