Unit 1

Question 1

What is the study of physiology?

Answer 1

It is the study of all of the structures & functions of the body and how they all work together.

Question 2

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 2

Homeostasis is the the body’s ability to maintain internal stabiblity.

Question 3

What is an Organ System?

Answer 3

An Organ system is a group of multiple organs.

Question 4

What is a set point?

Answer 4

A set point is the “normal” point in which homeostasis ocillates around in order to maintain internal stability.

Question 5

Acclimatization?

Answer 5

Environmentally induced change in physiological function

Question 6

Acclimation?

Answer 6

When an organism is able to adapt to changes using

Question 7

Circadian Rhythm?

Answer 7

A Natural internal circadian cycle that occurs within the body. Ex: Sleep-Wake cycle.

Question 8

Local Control?

Answer 8

Between adjacent/close cells

Question 9

Reflex control?

Answer 9

Between far cells

Question 10

What is Negative Feeback control?

Answer 10

• When a stimulus occurs, a response happens then the negative feedback control brings the variable back to its set point
• Maintains Homeostasis
• Ex: BP, Body Temp

Question 11

What is Positive Feeback Control?

Answer 11

• When a stimulus occurs, a response occurs and the variable is amplified
• Does NOT maintain homeostasis
• Ex: Labour, Voltage-Gates Na+ channels

Question 12

What is FeedForward Control?

Answer 12

• Anticipatory control: predicts change is about to occur
• Ex: smell, sight of food

Question 13

What is a Cell Membrane?

Answer 13

A Cell Membrane is a protective membrane that separates the inside environment from the outside environment.

Question 14

What is a Gap Junction?

Answer 14

• Allows cell-to-cell communication (local communication)
• Using connexons

Question 15

What is a Tight Junction?

Answer 15

• Allows connection between cells
• Using desmosomes

Question 16

What is Anchoring Juntions?

Answer 16

• Allows cell to stay in place (anchors it)

Question 17

Function of Ephithelia tissue?

Answer 17

Epithelia tissues are tissues that separate the inside from the outside environment.

Question 18

Types of Epithelial tissue?

Answer 18

• Exchange (CO2 & O2)
• Ciliates (females reproductive system and air tracks)
• Secretory
• Transport (materials)
• Protective

Question 19

Function of Connective tissue?

Answer 19

Tissue that provides protection and structure

Question 20

Types of Connective tissue?

Answer 20

• Loose (elastic)
• Dense (strength)
• Adipose (fat)
• Blood (watery matrix lacking protein fibres)
• Supportive (dense substances)

Question 21

Function of muscle tissue?

Answer 21

Allows movement and force

Question 22

Types of muscle tissue?

Answer 22

• Cardiac (heart)
• Smooth
• Skeletal

Question 23

Function of neural tissues?

Answer 23

Send signals

Question 24

What is paracrine?

Answer 24

Paracrine is a type of local communication hormone that acts on it’s neighbouring cell

Question 25

What is autocrine?

Answer 25

Autocrine is a type of local communication hormone that acts on the signalling cell itself

Question 26

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 26

in long-distance communication, the endocrine system uses chemical signals to send hormones

Question 27

Specificity?

Answer 27

some cells can't bind the certain receptors because: - target cells have various receptor proteins - they can only respond to chemical signals if there is an appropriate receptor

Question 28

What is a Receptor?

Answer 28

a receptor is where ligants are able to bind.

Question 29

In order name the levels of organization

Answer 29

- atom - molecule - cell - tissues - organs - organ system - organism

Question 30

What is the integrative approach?

Answer 30

research study how a single cell can influence neighbouring cells, tissues, organs and organisms themselves.

Question 31

Function vs. Mechanism

Answer 31

Function : "Why" something occurs Mechanism: "How" something occurs

Question 32

List the type of cell-to-cell communications

Answer 32

- Gap Junctions - Contact-Dependant - Local - Long Distance

Question 33

What is the role of chemical messengers?

Answer 33

Carry information from one cell to another

Question 34

Properties of receptors critical for signalling

Answer 34

- Extracellular domain (has receptor than binds to ligand) - Trans-membrane domain (hydrophobic) - Intracellular domain (sends signal to cell)

Question 35

What is an agonist?

Answer 35

Acts as a primary ligand and successfully creates a response

Question 36

What is an antagonist?

Answer 36

Acts as a primary ligand and doe snot create a response

Question 37

What is signal transduction?

Answer 37

When a signal is carried to a particular place, signal amplification occurs