1
Q
alkane
A
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2
Q
alkene
A
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3
Q
phenyl
A
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4
Q
carbonyl
A
aldehyde, ketone
5
Q
aldehyde
A
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6
Q
ketone
A
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7
Q
carboxyl
A
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8
Q
hydroxyl (alcohol)
A
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9
Q
enol
A
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10
Q
ether
A
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11
Q
ester
A
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12
Q
acetyl
A
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13
Q
anhydride (two carboxylic acids)
A
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14
Q
amino (protonateD)
A
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15
Q
amido
A
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16
Q
imine
A
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17
Q
N-substituted imine (Schiff base)
A
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18
Q
guanidinium
A
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19
Q
imidazole
A
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20
Q
sulfhydryl
A
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21
Q
disulfide
A
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22
Q
thioester
A
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23
Q
phosphoryl
A
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24
Q
phosphoanhydride
A
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25
mixed anhydride
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26
alkyl
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27
amino acid 5 groups
1.) Nonpolar,aliphatic R groups
2.) Aromatic R Groups
3.) Polar, uncharged R Groups
4.) Positively charged R Groups
5.) Negatively Charged R Groups
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Ionizable Amino Acids (7)
Positively
Negatively
Tyrosine
Cysteine
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Nonpolar, aliphatic R groups (7)
Glycine
Alanine
Proline
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Methionine
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Aromatic R Groups (3)
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
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Polar, uncharged R Groups (5)
Serine
Threonine
Cysteine
Asparagine
Glutamine
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Positively Charged R groups (3)
Lysine
Arginine
Histidine
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Negatively Charged R Groups (2)
Aspartate
Glutamate
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Traits of Nonpolar, aliphatic group (3)
hydrophobic
nonpolar
stabilize protein structure via hydrophobic effect
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Traits of aromatic r groups (3)
- relatively Nonpolar (hydrophobic)
- all contribute to the HP effect
Polarity: Tyrosine = Tryptophan > Phenylalanine
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Traits of Polar Uncharged R Groups (2)
- Soluble in H2O
- more hydrophilic then Nonpolar, aliphatic group
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Positively Charged R-Group (1)
Most hydrophilic
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threonine
polar uncharged
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serine
polar uncharged
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cysteine
polar uncharged
weak acid
ionizable
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asparagine
polar uncharged
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glutamine
polar uncharged
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aspartate
negatively charged
44
glutamate
negatively charged
45
lysine
positively charged
46
arginine
positively charged
47
histidine
positively charged
48
phenylalanine
aromatic
49
tyrosine
aromatic
50
tryptophan
aromatic
51
glycine
nonpolar aliphatic
52
alanine
nonpolar aliphatic
53
proline
nonpolar aliphatic
54
valine
nonpolar aliphatic
55
leucine
nonpolar aliphatic
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isoleucine
nonpolar aliphatic
57
methionine
nonpolar aliphatic
