UNIT 1 Flashcards

Question

Biological Processes

Answer 1

DNA, Genetics, Bodily Organ Condition etc. Physical aspects, nature, and one’s capabilities.

Answer 2

Behavior of people; how were you brought up? How does a child interact with different people?

Answer 3

How you think and process your thoughts.

Answer 4

Prenatal period Infancy Early Childhood Middle and Late Childhood Adolescence Early Adulthood Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood

Answer 5

Conception to birth (9 months)

Answer 6

Birth to 1-2 years Development of infant and their heavy dependence on their parents.

Answer 7

2 - 6 years old (play years) Devours all knowledge and interaction Preschool years

Answer 8

6-11 years Development of basic skills Elementary years

Answer 9

10/12-18/21 years Puberty; transition period

Answer 10

20s-30s Making life-changing decisions

Answer 11

40s-60s Where life “begins” and health declines

Answer 12

60s/70s to death

Answer 13

First Age Second Age Third Age Fourth Age

Answer 14

Childhood and Adolescence

Answer 15

Prime Adulthood (20s-50s)

Answer 16

Approx. 60-79 years

Answer 17

Approx. 80 year and older

Answer 18

Normal Aging Pathological Aging Successful Aging

Answer 19

Your development of growth follows the curve of the norm.

Answer 20

You don’t take care/maintain yourself as much as you’re supposed to. Prone to illnesses and sicknesses.

Answer 21

You have a positive outlook in life. You take care of/ maintain of yourself. You live longer, happier, life.

Answer 22

Chronological Age Biological Age Psychological Age Social Age

Answer 23

Your age since your birth.

Answer 24

Focuses on the age of your vital organs. Related to genes

Answer 25

Adaptive capacity compared to those of the same chronological age. How you take care of yourself (positively or negatively) in response with the stressors around you. Coping mechanisms.

Answer 26

Your connectedness to others and how you adapt to your environment.

Answer 27

Nature vs Nurture Stability vs Change Continuous vs Discontinuous

Answer 28

**Nature:** Depends on DNA, Genes, and Hereditary factors **Nurture:** Depends on your environment and experiences.

Answer 29

**Stability:** Traits from childhood is permanent throughout adulthood. **Change:** Traits from childhood may change throughout adulthood.

Answer 30

**Continuous**: No stages or pauses. Gradual changes throughout the lifespan. **Discontinuous**: There are abrupt or distinct changes throughout the lifespan.

Answer 31

Psychoanalytic Theories Cognitive Theories Behavioral and Social Cagnitive Theories Ecological Theories Ethological Theories

Answer 32

Sigmund Freud (1856-1836) Oral - Birth to 1.5 year Anal - 1.5 to 3 years Phallic.- 3 to 6 years latency - 6 years to puberty Genital - puberty onward

Answer 33

Erik Erikson (1902-1994) Trust vs Mistrust (1 year) Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1-3 years) Initiative vs Guilt (3-5 years) Industry vs Inferiority (6 years to puberty) Identity vs Identity Confusion (10-20 years) Intimacy vs Isolation (20-30 years) Generativity vs Stagnation (40-50 years) Integrity vs Despair (60 years onwards)

Answer 34

Child needs physical and psychological care. Child must have attachment to someone trustworthy (primary caregivers) Virtues: Hope and Optimism vs Fear, Suspicion, and Lack of Self-Confidence

Answer 35

Child encounters rules. **supportive parents:** helps build child’s autonomy and strengthen their will **overprotective parents:** child may loose their self-control and develop shame and doubt. VIRTUES: Will vs Fear and Suspicion

Answer 36

Play years. Play is important for the child to explore the world and develop a sense of purpose and direction. If not, then they may be passive about the world if they are sheltered. Intentions to explore are not malicious, just pure curiosity VIRTUES: Purpose vs Carefree

Answer 37

Thirsty for knowledge. Mastery skills are being honed. Development of skills through small tasks like chores is important. Being sheltered ma leave the child inadequate. VIRTUES: Inadequacy vs Mastery

Answer 38

Discovering one’s identity and uniqueness. What kind of person do I want to be? Marcia’s identity Statuses VIRTUES: Fidelity by making commitment to own values, organizations, and peope.

Answer 39

**IDENTITY ACHIEVEMENT:** Committed and has explored **IDENTITY MORATORIUM:** Not committed and has explored **IDENTITY FORECLOSURE:** Committed but has not explored **IDENTITY DIFFUSION:** Not committed and has not explored

Answer 40

Making relationships with others; significant others and friends. VIRTUES: mutual Devotion and Commitment vs Withdrawal and Fear of Commitments.

Answer 41

How can I contribute to the world? Generativity: Learn how to mentor the young. Stagnation: Self-Centeredness (mabigat na midlife crisis) VIRTURES: Care vs Insensitivity

Answer 42

What kind of life have you lived? Individual has wisdom and inhibitions. VIRTUES: Wisdom

Answer 43

Jean Piaget (1896-1934) The way we think is how to organize and to adapt to situations that are challenging. Sensorimotor (Birth-2 years): Object Permanence Preoperational (2-7 years): Egocentrism Concrete Operational (7-11 years): Conservation Formal Operational (11 years onward): Manipulation of Ideas

Answer 44

Erik Erikson We develop through the predetermined unfolding of our personalities in 8 stages. The performance of each stage is determined by the success or lack of success of the previous stages.

Answer 45

Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) Children acquire culture, belief, and strategies through collaborative dialogue with more knowledgable members of society.

Answer 46

Providing strategic hep during initial stages and then gradually promote independence.

Answer 47

Tasks that are too difficult for children to master alone, but can be learned through guidance of a teacher. **Upper Limit:** idependent on others when learning. **Lower Limit:** independent in learning.

Answer 48

Scaffolding - help from teacher Private Talk - talking w/ self Co-Constructed Process - study group Cultural Symbols - visual aid and tools

Answer 49

Robert Siegler (1949-present) - The human mind operated like a computer. - It has logical rules and limitations. - It is how you interpret, process, and store what you experience. **Perception:** How you interpret society **Working Memory:** What you want to store in your mind **Long Term:** What you want to store for life

Answer 50

Burrhus Fredrick Skinner (1904-1990) Consequences of a behavior produce changes in the probability of the behavior’s occurrence. If there’s a reward, the likelihood of the behavior increases. And vice versa.

Answer 51

Albert Bandura (1925-present) People learn through observing.

Answer 52

Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005) A person develops through five environmental systems: Microsytem Mesosystem Exosystem Macrosystem Chronosystem

Answer 53

John Bowlby (1907-1990) Importance of human attachment and trust to the primary caregiver during the first year of life.

Answer 54

Konrad Lorenz (1903-1989) Reflexive Behavior of newborn babies as innate abilities that promote survival. Strongly influenced by biology. Characterized by critical sensitive periods; strong attachments form during critical periods.

UNIT 1 Flashcards

(78 cards)