unit 1

Question 2

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 2

Chemical bond where atoms share electrons

Question 3

Define an electron

Answer 3

Negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus

Question 4

What does electronegativity refer to?

Answer 4

Ability of an atom to attract electrons

Question 5

What is an element?

Answer 5

Pure substance made of one kind of atom

Question 6

What is an ion?

Answer 6

Atom with a positive or negative charge

Question 7

Define an ionic bond

Answer 7

Bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms

Question 8

What is a molecule?

Answer 8

Two or more atoms bonded together

Question 9

Define a neutron

Answer 9

Neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 10

What is a proton?

Answer 10

Positively charged particle found in the nucleus

Question 11

What is adhesion?

Answer 11

Attraction between different substances

Question 12

Define cohesion

Answer 12

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 13

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 13

Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

Question 14

What does it mean for a molecule to be polar?

Answer 14

Molecule with unequal sharing of electrons

Question 15

What is hydrophilic?

Answer 15

Water-loving; dissolves in water

Question 16

What does hydrophobic mean?

Answer 16

Water-fearing; repels water

Question 17

Define surface tension

Answer 17

Tightness at the surface of water due to cohesion

Question 18

What is a monomer?

Answer 18

Small molecule that can join to form a polymer

Question 19

Define a polymer

Answer 19

Large molecule made of repeating monomers

Question 20

What is polymerization?

Answer 20

Process that joins monomers into polymers

Question 21

What is dehydration synthesis?

Answer 21

Joining molecules by removing water

Question 22

Define hydrolysis

Answer 22

Breaking bonds by adding water

Question 23

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 23

Single sugar molecule (example: glucose)

Question 24

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 24

Long chain of sugars (example: starch)

Question 25

What is glycogen?

Answer 25

Stored form of glucose in animals

Question 26

What is starch?

Answer 26

Stored form of glucose in plants

Question 27

What is cellulose?

Answer 27

Structural carbohydrate in plant cell walls

Question 28

What is glycerol?

Answer 28

Backbone molecule of fats and oils

Question 29

Define a fatty acid

Answer 29

Long carbon chain that makes up part of lipids

Question 30

What is a saturated fatty acid?

Answer 30

Fat with no double bonds; solid at room temp

Question 31

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 31

Fat with double bonds; liquid at room temp

Question 32

What is a phospholipid?

Answer 32

Lipid that makes up cell membranes

Question 33

Define fat

Answer 33

Energy-storing lipid made of glycerol and fatty acids

Question 34

What is a steroid?

Answer 34

Lipid with four fused rings (example: hormones)

Question 35

What is cholesterol?

Answer 35

Steroid important in cell membranes and hormone production

Question 36

What is DNA?

Answer 36

Molecule that stores genetic information

Question 37

What is RNA?

Answer 37

Molecule that helps make proteins

Question 38

Define a nucleotide

Answer 38

Building block of nucleic acids

Question 39

What is a nitrogenous base?

Answer 39

Nitrogen-containing part of a nucleotide

Question 40

Which base pairs with thymine in DNA?

Answer 40

Adenine

Question 41

Which base pairs with cytosine?

Answer 41

Guanine

Question 42

Which base pairs with guanine?

Answer 42

Cytosine

Question 43

What base is found only in DNA?

Answer 43

Thymine

Question 44

What base is found only in RNA?

Answer 44

Uracil

Question 45

What is the 5’ phosphate end?

Answer 45

End of DNA strand with phosphate group attached to carbon 5

Question 46

What is the 3’ hydroxyl end?

Answer 46

End of DNA strand with hydroxyl group on carbon 3

Question 47

What is a peptide bond?

Answer 47

Bond between amino acids in proteins

Question 48

Define a carboxyl group

Answer 48

Functional group (-COOH) found in amino acids and fatty acids

Question 49

What is an amine group?

Answer 49

Functional group (-NH₂) found in amino acids

Question 50

What is an R group?

Answer 50

Variable side chain that gives amino acids their properties

Question 51

What is primary structure in proteins?

Answer 51

Sequence of amino acids in a protein

Question 52

What is secondary structure?

Answer 52

Folding pattern (alpha helix or beta sheet)

Question 53

What is tertiary structure?

Answer 53

3D shape of a single protein chain

Question 54

What is quaternary structure?

Answer 54

Multiple protein chains joined together