Unit 1

Question 1

Cohesion

Answer 1

attraction of the same kind of molecules (increases cohesive forces and going against gravity in plants + responsible for surface tensions)

Question 2

Adhesion:

Answer 2

attracted to different molecules that are polar or have charge (polarity allows water to cling to the cell walls and resist the pull of gravity)

Question 3

Capillary action:

Answer 3

upward movement of water (occurs when adhesion is greater than cohesion)

Question 4

High Specific Heat Capacity:

Answer 4

resists temperature changes due to hydrogen bonds (absorb heat = hydrogen bond breaking
release = hydrogen bonds forming)

Question 5

Floating ice:

Answer 5

ice less dense than water because of hydrogen bonds being more spread out and expanded + crystalline structure

Question 6

PH:

Answer 6

acid releases H+ ions
Base- accepts H+ or releases OH-

Question 7

⭐Functional groups:

Answer 7

HYDROXYL: -OH, CARBONYL: CO, CARBOXYL: COOH, AMINO: -NH2, SULFHYDRYL: -SH, METHYL: CH3, PHOSPHATE: -OPO
1 carbon = 4 covalent bonds

Question 8

Polymers:

Answer 8

macromolecules that are similar or identical units covalently bonded together ex: Carbon, Protein, nucleic acid

Question 9

Monomer:

Answer 9

units that makes up polymers

carbon + nitrogen builds up protein and nucleic acids, phosphorus important for nucleic acid + lipids)

Question 10

⭐Hydrolysis:

Answer 10

breaks bond in polymer by adding H2O

Question 11

⭐Dehydration reaction:

Answer 11

bonds 2 monomers w/ loss of H2O

Question 12

Carbohydrates

Answer 12

(⭐CHO + sugar): contains carbonyl +hydroxyl

Question 13

⭐Monosaccharides:

Answer 13

simple sugar ex: glucose

used in cellular respiration (building blocks for AA

Question 14

Disaccharide:

Answer 14

2 mono joined by covalent bonds ex: sucrose

Question 15

Polysaccharides

Answer 15

: polymer with many sugar joined with dehydration (⭐plants store starch- polymer of glucose monomer

animals store glycogen- polymer of glucose)

Question 16

Cellulose:

Answer 16

tough substance that forms in plant cell walls

Question 17

Chitin:

Answer 17

forms exoskeleton arthropods

Question 18

Proteins (⭐CHONS)

Answer 18

Formation: AA, peptide, polypeptide, protein large

Question 19

Peptide:

Answer 19

carboxyl group of one AA must be next to amino group of another AA

Question 20

Polypeptide:

Answer 20

many AA linked by peptide bonds

Question 21

⭐N terminus:

Answer 21

-NH2

Question 22

⭐C terminus:

Answer 22

-COOH

Question 23

Enzyme:

Answer 23

carry out chemical reaction and lowers activation energy

Question 24

Messenger:

Answer 24

transmit signals (hormones)

Question 25

⭐Primary

Answer 25

: linear chains of AA

Question 26

⭐Secondary:

Answer 26

folding due to hydrogen bonding (beta sheets and alpha sheets etc)

Question 27

⭐Tertiary:

Answer 27

3D folding

Question 28

⭐Quaternary:

Answer 28

association of 2 or more polypeptide (only in some proteins)

Question 29

⭐Nucleic acid (CHONP):

Answer 29

made of monomers of nucleotides Store, transmit, express hereditary information ex: DNA and RNA ⭐Contains nitrogenous base, 4 carbon sugar, phosphate groups

Question 30

Nitrogenous Base:

Answer 30

⭐pyrimidines (1 ring w/ 6 atoms CTU) and purines (1 ring w/ 6 atoms bonded to 1 ring w/ 5 atoms

Question 31

⭐DNA:

Answer 31

: sugar is deoxyribose (lacks O2)

Question 32

⭐RNA:

Answer 32

sugar is ribose

Question 33

⭐Lipids

Answer 33

: do not include true polymers (considered macromolecules) - hydrophobic Ex: fats, phospholipids, steroid

Question 34

Fats:

Answer 34

composed of glycerol (classified as alcohol, hydroxyl group) and fatty lipids

Question 35

⭐Saturated Fats:

Answer 35

tightly packed, single bond

Question 36

⭐Unsaturated:

Answer 36

Untightly packed, kinked

Question 37

Phospholipids

Answer 37

major component of cell membrane, tails are hydrophobic, heads are hydrophilic