Unit 1 - Cell Structure

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

holds the complete set of instructions to make all proteins in an organism (nucleus)

Question 2

RNA

Answer 2

copy of a gene (instruction to make protein) and can leave the nucleus and travel to cytoplasm

Question 3

Ribosome

Answer 3

protein producing enzyme that read RNA and use its code to assemble amino acids in the correct order to make proteins

Question 4

ER

Answer 4

ribosomes covering its surface make proteins in this system of tubes. inside, proteins can be modified or moved through the cell

Question 5

Golgi

Answer 5

vesicles from the ER may go to the Golgi. Here proteins get final modicications r sorted and packed into vessicles then shipped to there final location

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

process carbohydrates to produce cellular energy (ATP)

Question 7

Vesicles, Vacuoles, Lysosomes

Answer 7

• bubbles of membrane
• vesicles for transport
• vacules for storage
• lysosomes hold digestive enzymes

Question 8

Centriole (in animals only)

Answer 8

• create spindle fibres used to separate chromosomes during cell division

Question 9

Plant cells

Answer 9

• not centrioles but (MTOC)
• cell wall
• large water vacuole
• chloroplast

Question 10

Lipids

Answer 10

• all membrane bound organelles r composed of phospholipids

Question 11

Proteins

Answer 11

• protein r embedded in each membrane w a unique job
• enzymes dissolve in the fluid within membrane bound organelles
• fibrous proteins
  -form cytoskeleton

Question 12

Nucleic Acid

Answer 12

• there in DNA stored in nucelus and chloroplast
• nucleus has no membrane but is rich in protein

Question 13

Carbs

Answer 13

while their main role is to provide energy for cells, in plants they form the cell wall ie cellulose

Question 14

Nuclear Envelope (AKA nuclear membrane)

Answer 14

• double membrane
• outer membrane is continuous with rough ER to provide a tight interface between RNA and ribosome for making protein.
• nuclear pours regulate what enter and leave nucleus

Question 15

Endomembrane System

Answer 15

• to make proteins, enzymes, and lipids
• vesicles can break off from one and merge with another
• proteins made by ribosomes directly into to ER where enzymes r waiting to be modified

Question 16

Vesicles

Answer 16

• bubbles budded off from organelles or the cell membrane
  -transporting materials
  -bubbles containg enzymes (lysosomes digestive enzymes) (metabolic breaking water)
• bubbles containg food water and waste
• vesicles can fuse to mix their contents (fuse w lysosome

Question 17

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Answer 17

• both a double membrane
• they create a concentration gradient of H+ ions
• allow H+ ions to flow where ATP synthases to make ATP

Question 18

Mitochondria specifically

Answer 18

use glucose to make the gradient and release their ATP for use in the cell

Question 19

Chloroplasts specifically

Answer 19

use energy from the sun to make gradient and use the resulting ATP to make glucose (used to build cell walls or used to regenerate ATP)

Question 20

Microtubules, Microfilaments, an Intermediate Filaments

Answer 20

• these r fibrous proteins that can quickly self assemble and breakdown from protein substance
  -important construction materials w lots of functions
  ie. cytoskeleton, spindle fibres

Question 21

Flagella

Answer 21

microscopic hair-like structures involved in the locomotion of a cell

Question 22

Cilia

Answer 22

hair-like extensions protruding from the surface from most types of cells including progenitor and differentiated cells

Question 23

Pseudopods

Answer 23

extensions of the cytoplasm, or the thick liquid that is inside organisms like amoeba. The organism can change the shape of the pseudopod, making it move, appear, and disappear. The pseudopods are used in movement and as a tool to capture prey.