Unit 1-Cells

Question 1

What are the 3 main points of cell theory?

Answer 1

1. All cells come from other cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. All organisms are made up of cells.

Question 2

Who are the co-founders of cell theory?

Answer 2

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.

Question 3

What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 3

• No nucleus.
• Simple and small.
• Single-celled.
• Example: Bacteria.

Question 4

• What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 4

• Have a nucleus.
• More complex and can be multicellular.
• DNA in the nucleus.
• Examples: Plants and animals.

Question 5

What structures are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?

Answer 5

1. Cell wall.
2. Chloroplasts.
3. Large vacuoles.

Question 6

What structures are present in animal cells but not in plant cells?

Answer 6

1. No cell wall.
2. Small vacuoles.
3. No chloroplasts.
4. Irregular/round shape.

Question 7

What is the role of ATP in the mitochondria?

Answer 7

A: ATP is the energy currency of the cell, created when mitochondria break down food.

Question 7

What is the difference between the rough ER and smooth ER?

Answer 7

• Rough ER has ribosomes and makes proteins.
• Smooth ER has no ribosomes and synthesizes lipids.

Question 7

What is the function of the rough ER?

Answer 7

• It has ribosomes on its surface.
• Produces proteins and transports them.

Question 8

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 8

• Break down food to release energy.
• Generate ATP (energy molecule).
• Powerhouse of the cell.

Question 9

Q: What pigment is found in chloroplasts, and what is its function?

Answer 9

A: Chlorophyll, which captures sunlight for photosynthesis.

Question 9

Q: What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 9

A:
- Packages proteins.
- Prepares proteins for transport in and out of the cell.

Question 9

Q: What is the role of the chloroplast in plant cells?

Answer 9

A: Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis, converting light into energy (glucose).

Question 10

Q: What are the two main types of cells?

Answer 10

A:
1. Prokaryotic cells.
2. Eukaryotic cells.

Question 10

Q: What is the function of the vacuole in plant and animal cells?

Answer 10

A:
- Storage of materials like water, nutrients, and waste.
- Larger in plant cells to maintain shape.

Question 10

Q: What are ribosomes, and where can they be found?

Answer 10

• Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
• Found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER.

Question 11

Q: What is the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Answer 11

A: Lysosomes digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Question 11

Q: What structure supports and protects plant cells?

Answer 11

Cell wall

Question 12

Q: What is the function of the cell membrane in both plant and animal cells?

Answer 12

• Controls what enters and exits the cell.
• Provides structure and protection.

Question 12

Q: What is cytoplasm, and what does it do?

Answer 12

A: The gel-like substance inside the cell that holds organelles in place.

Question 13

Q: What is the cytoskeleton, and what does it do?

Answer 13

• Provides structural support to the cell.
• Helps in cell movement and division.

Question 13

Q: What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 13

• Controls cell activities.
• Contains DNA, which holds genetic information.

Question 13

Q: What is the difference in vacuole size between plant and animal cells?

Answer 13

• Plant cells have a large central vacuole.
• Animal cells have small, often multiple vacuoles.

Question 14

Q:** What is the function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

Answer 14

A: Produces ribosomes.

Question 15

**Q:** What is the role of the smooth ER in lipid synthesis?

Answer 15

**A:** The smooth ER synthesizes and processes lipids (fats) and detoxifies toxins.

Question 16

What is a prokaryotic cell

Answer 16

one-celled organism with no nucleus

Question 17

What is a Eukaryotic cell

Answer 17

A cell containing a nucleus

Question 18

What are the main differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 18

Prokaryotic- DNA is one long circular molecule simple no nucleus Eukaryotic DNA is linear complex contains a nucleus

Question 19

Know definitions of all organelles from the Review

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

What two organelles tie within each other and how?

Answer 20

Chroloplast +Mitochondria Chrolorplast fuels the glucose to make energy Mitochondria uses glucose to make energy

Question 21

Know a diagram for a cell

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

What is homeostasis

Answer 22

state of balance and maintaining a constant internal temperature.

Question 23

give 2 examples of homeostasis

Answer 23

When you are cold, you shiver to get back to normal temp. When you are hot you sweat to cool to normal temp.

Question 24

Describe what is happening internally when plants wilt

Answer 24

There is not enough water in the vacuole causing the cell to lose pressure, rigidity, structure within a cell.

Question 25

What is the primary difference between the structure and function of the cell wall and that of the cell membrane?

Answer 25

Cell Wall- provides support and is rigid Cell membrane- lets substances in and out of the cell and is flexible

Question 26

What are the Standard SI Units for Mass, Volume, and Distance

Answer 26

Mass- grams Distance- meters Volume- Liters

Question 27

What are three things to consider when thinking and writing a Hypothesis?

Answer 27

- If IV, then the DV format must be testable the topic is specific enough to be tested (containing IV and DV)

Question 28

Hypothesis def.

Answer 28

questions that can be tested through experiments

Question 29

Theory def.

Answer 29

explanation based on prior experiments (can change over time)

Question 30

what keyword tells you if something is a theory

Answer 30

explanation

Question 31

Law def.

Answer 31

rules known in science from patterns in nature (Just tell us)

Question 32

how are hypothesis, theory, and laws alike?

Answer 32

They all explain processes in science

Question 33

Indepedent def.

Answer 33

what you change in an experiment

Question 34

dependent def.

Answer 34

result to what you change in an experiment

Question 35

Control

Answer 35

things that are the same in an experiment