Unit 1 - Changing Population

Question 1

What is population distribution?

Answer 1

• where people live

Question 2

What are human factors influencing population distribution?

Answer 2

• distribution of raw materials
• government policies may lead to a redistribution
• new town policies
• conflict and war
• migration of people

Question 3

What are physical factors influencing population distribution?

Answer 3

• fertile river valleys
• places with regular supplies of water
• good communications and the potential for trade

Question 4

What is population density?

Answer 4

• measure of how many people live per km2

Question 5

What is an HIC?

Answer 5

• annual income of over $12475

Question 6

What is an LIC?

Answer 6

• annual income of less than $1025

Question 7

What is an MIC?

Answer 7

• annual income between $1025and $12475

Question 8

What is an MEDC?

Answer 8

• more economically developed countries

- most developed countries that have a high standard of living

Question 9

What is an LEDC?

Answer 9

• less economically developed countries

- lower stage of development that have a lower quality of life

Question 10

What is an NIC?

Answer 10

• newly industrialised country

- countries that have experienced rapid industrial, social and economic growth since 1960

Question 11

What is a CPE?

Answer 11

• centrally planned economies
• socialist countries under strict government controls
• living standards higher than in LEDCs although personal freedom may be limited

Question 12

What are LDCs?

Answer 12

• least developed countries

- very low standards of living

Question 13

What does population change include?

Answer 13

• birth rates
• death rates
• migration

Question 14

What does the general demographic transition model show?

Answer 14

• changes in birth rates and death rates over time

Question 15

How can natural increase be calculated?

Answer 15

• subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate

Question 16

What is the total fertility rate?

Answer 16

• average number of births per thousand women of childbearing age

Question 17

What is total fertility rate influenced by?

Answer 17

• status of women
• level of education
• material ambition
• religion
• health of the mother
• economic prosperity
• need for children
• social and cultural pressure

Question 18

What is life expectancy?

Answer 18

• average number of years that a person can be expected to live

Question 19

What is dependency ratio?

Answer 19

• relates the working population to the dependent population

- (number of dependants/population(ages 15-64)) x 100

Question 20

Why is the men’s life expectancy usually lower than the women’s life expectancy?

Answer 20

• higher retirement age for men
• heavy physical labour for men
• greater likelihood for men of involvement in conflict
• men lead more “self-destructive” lifestyles (smoking and/or drinking to excess)

Question 21

What do population pyramids show?

Answer 21

• population structure in terms of age, sex and ethnicity

Question 22

What is forced migration?

Answer 22

• the movement of refugees and internally displaced people
• displaced by conflicts as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects

Question 23

What are conflict-induced displacement?

Answer 23

• people who are forced to mov due to armed conflict

Question 24

What are development-induced displacement?

Answer 24

• people forced to move due to large-scale infrastructure projects

Question 25

What are disaster-induced displacement?

Answer 25

- people forced to move due to natural disasters and human-induced disaster

Question 26

What is a refugee?

Answer 26

- a person residing outside his or her country of nationality, who is unable or unwilling to return because of well-founded fear of persecution due to race, religion, nationality, membership in a political social group or political opinion

Question 27

What is an asylum seeker?

Answer 27

- people who have left their country of origin in search of protection in another country, but whose claim for refugee status has not been decided

Question 28

What are internally displaces persons?

Answer 28

- groups of people who have been forced to flee their home, due to armed conflict, internal strife, systematic violations of human rights or natural or man-made disasters, and who are still living within their own country

Question 29

What is an ageing population?

Answer 29

- one with an increasing number of elderly people

Question 30

What is the older dependancy ratio?

Answer 30

- relates the number of working-age people to the older population that they support

Question 31

What are some advantages of an ageing population?

Answer 31

- elderly may have skills (including social skills) and training - some employers, especially supermarkets and furniture stores, prefer elders to younger workers - elderly may look after their grandchildren, allowing the parents to work

Question 32

What is a pro-natalist country

Answer 32

- a country that wishes to increase its population size

Question 33

What is an anti-natalist country?

Answer 33

- a country that wishes to limit its population size

Question 34

What are some family planning methods?

Answer 34

- contraceptives - forced sterilisation - abortion

Question 35

What is an anti-trafficking policy?

Answer 35

- UN 2003 protocol to prevent, support and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children

Question 36

What is a demographic dividend?

Answer 36

- the increase in proportion of adults in a population

Question 37

What are the benefits of the demographic dividend?

Answer 37

- increased labour supply - healthier women (lower fertility rate) - less social and economic pressures at home (lower fertility rate) - better health and educational outcomes for children (lower fertility rate) - economic growth

Question 38

What happens after the demographic dividend?

Answer 38

- the dependancy ratio increases again | - demographic dividend becomes a liability