Unit 1: Matter

Question 1

What is an Atom?

Answer 1

a fundamental component of matter, comprised of protons, neutrons and electrons

• Fundamental particles
• Can be classified
  
  • ex: makeup (composition)
  • ex: state (form)
• Pure substance/mixture
• Solid, liquid, gas

Question 2

What are the States of Matter?

Answer 2

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Question 3

Solid

Answer 3

rigid substance with definite shape; volume does not vary much with temperature/pressure changes

definite shape and definite volume

when it comes to particles solids compares to getting on the subway in downtown tokyo – packed

Question 4

Liquid

Answer 4

individual particles confined to given volume, but shape assumed is that of container up to liquid’s volume

idefinite shape & definite volume

when it comes to particles liquids compare to a mall. there are people around but you have room to move around.

Question 5

Gas

Answer 5

occupies all parts of any vessel in which they are confined, in volume and shape.

Indefinite shape & Indefinite volume

When it comes to particles gas is like being in a national park. your out there with only a small chance of running into someone else.

Question 6

Composition of Matter

What are Pure Substances?

Answer 6

• matter of a particular kind
• cannot be broken down or purified by physical means
• Each has its own characteristic properties that are different from the set of any other properties of any other substance

Question 7

Compostion of Matter

What are the 2 types of Pure Substances?

Answer 7

Element and Compounds

Question 8

What is an Element?

Answer 8

• a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes.
• atomic/molecular (Na, Cl2)

Question 9

What is a Compound?

Answer 9

• a substance that can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances, always in the same ratio by mass
• ionic/molecular (NaCl, H2O)

Question 10

Law of Definite Proportions

(Law of Constant Composition)

Answer 10

Different samples of any pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass

Examples:

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

100% 56% 44%

CaO + CO2 → Ca + O & C + O

71. 5% 28.5% 27.3% 72.7%
72. 1% Ca, 12.0% C and 47.9% O

Question 11

What is a Mixture?

What are the 2 types of mixtures?

Answer 11

a combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its own composition and properties.

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

Question 12

What is a Homogeneous Mixture?

Answer 12

a mixture with uniform properties throughout

• No filtration

Question 13

What is a Heterogeneous Mixture?

Answer 13

a mixture in which different portions of the sample have recognizably different properties

• Separation by filtration

Question 14

Classify each of the following:

• Lead weight
• Seawater
• Distilled water
• Italian dressing
• Bronze coin
• Nitrogen gas