Unit 1 Test Flashcards

Question

Flagellum

Answer 1

tail type structure, helps with movement (allows to swim in liquid environments and move toward favorable conditions or away from harmful ones)

Answer 2

- Prokaryotes reproduce through asexual process, producing two genetically identical cells - Cell elongates -> septum begins to form -> septum complete/distinct walls form -> cells separate

Answer 3

Produce Methane, live below surfaces in swamps, bogs, marshes and sewage treatment plants

Answer 4

Like salty conditions, live in salt pools, evaporation ponds

Answer 5

Like hot environments, live in hot sulfur springs, some live near volcanoes

Answer 6

Good: Most bacteria are harmless or beneficial - Trillions of bacteria live in your gut (symbiosis): Help the immune system, provide vitamins, prevent growth of pathogenic bacteria, some prevent tumour growth Bad: Clostridium botulinum: bacteria that causes food poisoning - Streptococcus pygones: bacteria that causes strep throat infections - Streptococcus mutans: Bacteria that causes tooth decay

Answer 7

No cell wall Use flagellum to move around Ex. Trichonympha

Answer 8

No cell wall Change shape Use pseudopods for locomotion Ex. Amoeba

Answer 9

No cell wall Use cilia for locomotion Ex. Parameciclum

Answer 10

No cell wall No means of locomotion Entirely parasitic Reproduce asexually and sexually Ex. Plasmodium Vivax (causes malaria)

Answer 11

1. Mosquito bites infected humans -> 2. Sporozoites (protist zygote) develop in mosquitoes -> 3. mosquito bites another human, sporozoite moves to the liver (turns into merzoites) -> 4. morozoite infect RBC’s, then use a host to gametocytes -> 5. RBC’s lyse, gametocytes are released in blood stream

Answer 12

- Heterotrophic - They produce spores (reproductive cells for fungi) - Different from fungi in the material that makes up cell wall (no chitin) - 3 main types: Plasmodial slime moulds, cellular slime moulds, mater moulds Ex. Slime

Answer 13

- Contain pigments in chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis - Usually contain chlorophyll, making them green - Silica: Makes kaleidoscope shapes, found in glass

Answer 14

- Phytoplankton - Unicellular, free floating aquatic organisms - Walls are 2 parts, one smaller than the other, smaller fits inside the larger - Mostly reproduce asexually by mitosis - Can reproduce sexually when environmental conditions are unfavourable - They have rigid cell walls with an outer layer of silica

Answer 15

- Also phytoplankton - Have 2 flagella at right angles to each other - Under ideal conditions they are able to reproduce very quickly, resulting in an algal bloom - Some have a red photosynthetic pigment, creating red tides

Answer 16

- Most found in shallow, fresh water - Undergo photosynthesis, but also have flagella and can absorb nutrients - Tend to be autotrophs in the sunlight and heterotrophs in the dark - Most common is the Euglena

Answer 17

- Theory that a prokaryotic cell engulfed another prokaryotic cell to form a complex Eukaryote - Evidence: membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to prokaryotes (their ribosomes too), reproduce by binary fission and have their own circular DNA

Answer 18

hypothesized that green algae are the closest evolutionary relatives of land plants based on several Structures: Chlorophyll, Cellulose cell walls, Store food energy as Starch, DNA analysis show similarities

Answer 19

Plant Embryos Vascular Tissues Roots Leaves

Answer 20

1st land plants were small, simple, eventually developed tissues to transport materials over long distances (Vascular tissue contains xylem and phloem)

Answer 21

Characteristics: - Eukaryotic organisms - Heterotrophic - Contains chitin in cell wall - Were once considered part of the animal kingdom - Some phyla: Zygomycota (moulds - bread moulds, dung moulds), - Basidiomycota (mushrooms, cap fungi), Ascomycota (yeast, morrels, truffles)

Answer 22

Vascular tissue allowed evolution of roots that have strong anchoring ability and cells specialized in absorption and transport

Answer 23

Increased surface area, improving photosynthesis

Answer 24

plants reproduce using embryos which are small, simple, multicellular plants that depend on parent plan for a time

Answer 25

- Also called Bryophytes - 3 phyla: mosses, liverworts and hornworts - No vascular tissue: rely on diffusion and osmosis to move nutrients - Can hold large quantities of water - Potential sources of pharmaceuticals - No roots, stems, or leaves - Need moist environments - Reproduce with spores

Answer 26

- 4 phyla: whisk fern, club mosses, horsetails and ferns - Vascular tissue enabled plants to grow tall - Ferns are most diverse - Have xylem & phloem (parts of vascular tissues) - Reproduce with spores (no seeds) - Have true roots, stems, and leaves

Answer 27

Seeds allow plants to reproduce sexually without needing water and provides protection against harsh environment conditions

Answer 28

- Seeds are exposed on the surface of cone/scales - Vascular, have seeds but no flowers - Means naked seed - Most are evergreen -> photosynthesizes when conditions are suitable - Examples: conifers such as pines, spruce, cedars

Answer 29

- Flowering plants - Seeds are contained in a fruit - Extensive diversity - Divided based on seed structure: Monocots, Dicots - Examples: non-coniferous such as oaks, maples, grasses and weeds

Answer 30

- Hyphae: threadlike filaments that make up main body of most fungi - Mycelium: network of hyphae - Fruiting body: reproductive structure (The visible, above-ground part of a fungus, like a mushroom, that produces and disperses spores for reproduction) - Spores: reproductive cells that can spread and grow into new fungi

Answer 31

Spore production (spores are haploid) Spores fuse nuclei to form a diploid cel

Answer 32

Fragmentation (piece of mycelium breaks off and forms a new individual) Budding (seen in yeast, parent cell goes through mitosis to create a daughter cell)

Answer 33

- Cells: Eukaryotic, multicellular, lack cell walls - Locomotion: most are motile in at least one part of their lives - Nutrition: Heterotrophs - Reproduction: mostly sexual, produce embryos

Answer 34

1. Core: (Nucleic acid, either RNA or DNA, single stranded or double stranded.) 2. Capsid: (protein coat - surrounds nucleic acid to protect it) (lipid membrane - only in some viruses, surrounds protein coat; if absent “naked virus” / if present, “enveloped virus”) 3. Size: (30-300nm) 4. Shape: (determined by proteins in coats, play a role in infection process, examples: Helical, Spherical, Icosahedral - 20 sides) 5. Host: (bacterial, animal, plant, etc.)

Answer 35

term given to the virus once is has incorporated itself into host DNA

Answer 36

- protein that alerts the immune system that the body is sick, don’t destroy viruses - Destruction of host cell causes symptoms of diseases

Answer 37

inactive form of viruses that help the body produce antibodies, allowing body become immune

Answer 38

when body makes antibodies to combat diseases, lymph nodes share the memory of the antibody so it can be produced again, immunity is life long (created under natural conditions)

Answer 39

Live in areas both with (aerobic) and without oxygen (anaerobic) Archaea (extremophiles): ability to live in extreme environments Bacteria (mesophiles): organisms that occupy environments with moderate/less extreme conditions.

Unit 1 Test Flashcards

(63 cards)