Unit 16: Urinary System

Question 1

What are the functions of the urinary system?

Answer 1

To regulate blood volume, blood pressure, pH, and ion concentrations as well as eliminate wastes

Question 2

Why is the right kidney lower than the left?

Answer 2

Because the liver is on the right hand side

Question 3

The renal artery, renal vein, ureter, and nerves enter the kidneys through?

Answer 3

The renal hilus

Question 4

____ contains parts of nephrons, afferent + efferent arterioles, and glomeruli

Answer 4

The renal cortex

Question 5

What separates the pyramids of the kidneys and contains blood vessels?

Answer 5

Renal columns

Question 6

_____ is the functional unit of the kidney

Answer 6

Nephron

Question 7

____ is the site of blood filtration in the nephron

Answer 7

Renal corpuscle

Question 8

____ is the capillary bed of the renal corpuscle

-composed of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 8

Glomerulus

Question 9

_____ enters the glomerulus and carries blood to kidney from renal artery

Answer 9

Afferent arteriole

Question 10

_____ exists the glomerulus and drains into the peritubular & vasa recta

Answer 10

Efferent arteriole

Question 11

____ surrounds the glomerulus and collects filtrate from the glomerulus

Answer 11

Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule

Question 12

What are podocytes?

Answer 12

The inner layer of the glomerular capsule

-feet: interlock with each other with filtration slits for plasma to leak through

Question 13

What are fenestrations?

Answer 13

Pores

Question 14

_______ receives filtrate from the glomerular capsule

-In cortex

-Cuboidal epithelium and microvilli

-Reabsorbs useful substances from filtrate + secretes waste into filtrate

Answer 14

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Question 15

_____ is in the medulla, composed of a descending limb, ascending limb

-simple cuboidal epithelium

-water impermeable

Answer 15

Nephron Loop

Question 16

_____ is in the cortex and composed of cuboidal epithelium

Answer 16

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Question 17

______ drains filtrate from nephrons into minor calyces

-In cortex and medulla

-Has cells that regulate water/ion reabsorption and acid/base balance of the blood

Answer 17

Collecting ducts

Question 18

____ decides how much water to keep/release depending on if you are hydrated or dehydrated

Answer 18

Collecting ducts

Question 19

What are the two types of nephrons?

Answer 19

1. Cortical
2. Juxtamedullary

Question 20

_____ are the renal corpuscles near the kidney surface in cortex (85%)

-Short nephron loop in outer medulla
-Has peritubular capillaries that branch from efferent

Answer 20

Cortical

Question 21

______ are the renal corpuscles in the cortex near medulla (15%)

Penetrate deep into medulla

Allow the concentration of urine if needed (ex: when dehydrated)

Vasa recta branch from efferent arterioles and run parallel to nephron loop

Answer 21

Juxtamedullary

Question 22

_____ regulates filtrate formation and the point of contact between end of ascending limb, afferent + efferent arterioles at renal corpuscle of the same nephron

Answer 22

Juxtaglomerular complex

Question 23

What are granular (juxtaglomerular) cells?

Afferent and efferent arteriolar portion

Answer 23

Smooth muscle that monitor blood pressure

Secretes enzymes that regulates blood pressure + ion balance

Question 24

What are the two portions of the juxtaglomerular complex?

Answer 24

1. Tubular Portion
   2.Arteriolar Portion

Question 25

_____ transports urine from renal pelvis to bladder -retroperitoneal

Answer 25

Ureters

Question 26

Are the kidneys retroperitoneal? (behind the peritoneum)

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

What is the mucosa of the ureters? Why?

Answer 27

Transitional epithelium They need to be able to stretch a bit

Question 28

What is the muscularis externa of the ureters?

Answer 28

Smooth muscle (around 3 layers) -Upper 2/3 has 2 layers -Lower 1/3 has an extra layer (3 total)

Question 29

______ connects ureter to body wall

Answer 29

Adventitia

Question 30

_____ is for the short term storage of urine and is retroperitoneal

Answer 30

Urinary bladder

Question 31

What is the mucosa of the urinary bladder?

Answer 31

Transitional epithelium with rugae (gives bladder flexibility when full/empty)

Question 32

What is the muscularis externa of the urinary bladder?

Answer 32

Detrusor muscle (smooth muscle) (around 3 layers)

Question 33

Contraction of which muscle causes urination?

Answer 33

Detrusor muscle

Question 34

Is the urinary bladder mostly adventitia or serosa?

Answer 34

Adventitia

Question 35

When is the urinary bladder serosa?

Answer 35

On the superior surface (facing the abdominal cavity)

Question 36

_____ drains urine from the bladder

Answer 36

Urethra

Question 37

Is the urethra shorter or longer in females?

Answer 37

A lot shorter More prone to infection

Question 38

what is the mucosa, muscularis externa and adventitia of the urethra?

Answer 38

Mucosa: transitional to stratified squamous epithelium Muscularis externa: smooth muscle Adventitia: Adventitia ONLY, no serosa

Question 39

What are the 2 sphincters of the urethra?

Answer 39

1. Internal urethral sphincter 2. External urethral sphincter

Question 40

____ is the thickening of detrusor muscle at the base of the bladder and is composed of smooth muscle? -Involuntary

Answer 40

Internal urethral sphincter

Question 41

_____ is in the urogenital diaphragm and is composed of skeletal muscle -Voluntary

Answer 41

External urethral sphincter

Question 42

_____ transports urine + semen when testes are present

Answer 42

Urethra

Question 43

What is a UTI? (Urinary tract infection)

Answer 43

A bacterial infection of the mucosa of the bladder and/or urethra

Question 44

If a patient had foamy or pink/red urine, what medical condition would this patient likely have?

Answer 44

Glomerulonephritis Affects the ability to filter blood plasma