1
Q
Name the categories of Information Holders
A
Business Charity Education Government Healthcare services Individuals
2
Q
What type of information would a business hold
A
Employee related information
- Date of birth
- Address
- Financial Information such as salary of employee
Business related information
- profit and loss
- competitor information
3
Q
What type of information would the government hold
A
Information about citizens
- Births and deaths
- Tax payments
- Financial earnings
4
Q
What type of information would an individual hold
A
Information about themselves in their brain or in a computer
- Their name
- Their address
- Username and passwords
- Date of birth
5
Q
What type of information would educations hold
A
Information about past and current students and staff
- Address
- Attendance
- Exam history
- Parents contact details
6
Q
What type of information would healthcare services hold
A
- Medical history of each civilian in the country
- Address of patients
- Contact details of Patients
7
Q
What is Digital Divide
A
Digital divide is the gap between people who have and do not have easy access to computers and networks
8
Q
What is developing countries vs developed countries
A
Developing countries have
- Unstable governments
- Slower internet access
- Less money spent on technology
Developed countries have
- More developed technology
- More funding for infrastructure such as high cabling speeds
9
Q
What is Urban vs Rural
A
Urban Locations such as towns and cities have a higher population density therefore, councils and IT companies will spent a lot of money on the internets infrastructure such as installing high cabling speeds
Rural locations have a more sparse and settlements may be more further apart so internet access is poorer and broadband speeds will be slower and it will be harder to access information
10
Q
Name all the storage media types
A
Magnetic Storage
Optical Storage
Paper Storage
Solid State Storage
11
Q
What is Magnetic storage
A
3 Types of magnetic storage
Magnetic hard disk drive is the most common form of secondary, a read or write head moves above the disk platter and uses a magnetic field to read or edit data.
Floppy disk is another magnetic storage which is no longer used as it has been replaced by solid state drives.
Magnetic tape is the final type of magnetic storage , it has a high storage capacity however, data must be accessed in order therfore only companies use this to back up large amounts of data
12
Q
Advantages and Disadvantages of Magnetic Storage
A
Ad
- Large Storage capacity
- cheaper per gigabyte than solid state drive
dis
- Slower access speed compared to solid state drive
13
Q
What is optical storage
A
Optical storage uses lazer to project beams of light onto a spinning disc, allowing it to read data from a CD, DVD or Blu- Ray
14
Q
Ads and Dis of Optical Storage
A
Ads
- Discs are portable
Dis
- Not durable as they can break or scratch very easily
- Low capacity
- Slowest Access Speed
15
Q
What is Paper storage
A
Paper Storage is hand written Notes or printed documents, forms or maps
16
Q
Advantages and Disadvantages of paper storage
A
DisAdvantages
- Low Capacity as Paper can only hold a certain amount of information
- Takes Up physical space
- Not durable as paper can tear easily
Advantages
- Portability
17
Q
What is solid state storage
A
In solid state storage there are no moving parts USB and memory cards are most common examples of this
18
Q
Ads and dis of solid state storage
A
Ad
- larger storage capacity
- Fastest access speed
- Portable
Dis
- Usb can break or snap
- more expensive per gigabyte compared to magnetic storage
19
Q
Name all access storage devices
A
Handheld Devices
Portable devices
Shared devices
Fixed devices
20
Q
What is Handheld Devices
A
Handheld devices are small light weight and possibly can be worn on the human body and very portable however, due to their small size it limits the processing power or high memory capacity . mobile phones and smart watches are examples of handheld devices
21
Q
Advantages and disadvantages of H and held devices
A
Ad
- Portable
- Lightweight
- Runs on battery power so is not reliant on any power source which allows portability
dis
- Low processing power due to small size
- Battery power may not last long
- More likely to be stolen or damaged
22
Q
What is Portable devices
A
Portable devices are more larger and powerful than hand held devices and can easily be carried in a bag. laptops and large tablets are examples of portable devices
23
Q
Advantages and disadvantages of portable devices
A
Ad
- Portable
- Relies on battery power not any power source so allows portability
- more powerful than handheld devices
dis
- Lower processing power than fixed device
- Relies on battery power which may not last long
24
Q
What is a shared device
A
shared device allows multiple users to access data at the same time. cloud storage is the most common example of shared device and is used by individuals schools and businesses such as google drive and Microsoft one drive
25
Advantages and disadvantages of Shared devices
Ad
- Allows remote access
- Multiple users can access
Dis
- Relies on a stable network connection
- requires technical knowledge
26
What is a fixed device
Fixed devices are big devices which require a constant power connection. The most common example of a fixed device is a desktop computer.
27
Advantages and disadvantage of fixed devices
advantages
- highest processing power
- large storage capacity
dis
- Relies on a power outlet so no portability
- heavy to move
- expensive than handheld and portable devices
28
Name the type of internet connections
Copper cable
| fibre optic cables
29
What is Fibre Optic cables
Fibre optic cables uses signals transmitted as waves of light through a glass tube, fibre optic cables are much faster and have a higher bandwith meaning it can transfer more data in one go compared to copper cable however, they are more expensive and more fragile
30
What is Copper Cable
copper cables are a more cheaper type of wired internet connection and is more likely to suffer from network distortion and have lower bandwith however, they are much more stronger and durable than fibre optic cables.
31
Name wireless connection types
Bluetooth
Mobile network
Microwave
Satelite
32
what is bluetooth
short range communication
| distance of upto 10 meteres between devices
33
what is microwave
radio signals across a large are via microwave towers
can transmit large amounts of data if towers are facing each other with no obstruction
can be affected by bad weather so more chance of network distortion
34
what is satellite
Satellite connection uses A point to multipoint connection by using satelites above the earths atmosphere which recieves a tranmsissons and rebroadcasts it back to earth
however due to distance of communication device and the satelite there is a delay of data being transmitted and being received
35
what is mobile network
technology allowing mobile phones to connect to a network allowing calls and messages. mobile technology advances generation by generation by becoming more faster and more secure for example 3g, 4g and 5g as each generation progresses
36
name the connection characteristics
```
Strength
Range
Latency
Bandwith
Storage capacity
Contention
```
37
Name the WWW technologies
Internet
Intranet
Extranet
38
What is internet
internet is a global network of interconnected connected networks
the internet is public and users have open access
39
what is intranet
Intranet is a private network that is only accessible to authorized users eg members of a school or business
40
what is extranet
Extranet is a private network that is accessible via the internet but only provides access to authorized users
41
Network Characteristics
Speed
Security
Access Levels
Availability
42
Name the information formats
```
Webpages
Rss Feed
Podcast
streamed audio and video
Blogs
Emails
Social media
Document stores
```
43
What is a webpage
web pages can be used for various reasons such advertising products, displaying images, and online shopping
there are two types of webpages static and dynamic
Dynamic webpages are generated when loaded and can appear different for each user
they are harder to code but they show more personalized content for example amazon webpage shows more perosnalized deals based on the users history
Static webpages contain pre built content and remains the same everytime the page is reloaded, static webpages are cheaper and easier to create
44
What is Blogs
Blogs are used to share information by induviduals such as hobbies and interests to people who have the same hobbies and interests, businesses also use blogs as a way to update their customer base
45
Ads and dis of blogs
ads
can unite people with similar interests
can share information to followers in format of texts and images
dis
Can be time consuming to create posts and followers can lose interest if blogs arent posted regularly
46
What is Podcast
a downloadble audio file usually on certain topics and can be listened to when convenient for the user
47
Ads an dis of podcast
AD
can be listened to whenever
are not usually recorded live so can be edited and uploaded any time of the week
dis
Takes time to record and edit a podcast
hard to build an audience base
48
What is streamed audio and video
process of receiving video or audio data in a continious flow, this allows the user to access the stream immediately
49
ads and dis of streamed audio and video
ad
streaming does not require data to be downloaded so users can access the stream as soon as it starts
Dis
Requires stable network connection
requires high bandwith so may be slow to watch on slower devices and network
50
what is social media channels
provide huge amounts of data in an informal format
| orgnisations can recieve feedback through user posts, comments and likes to gain insights into user opinions
51
Ads and dis of social media
ADS
can increase a businesses online presence as it is online 24/7 for users to interact with posts
used for diriect communication such as facebook messeanger
dis
Negative posts can cause bad reputation for the business
may need to hire a social media manager to manage all social media interactions
52
What is emails
used to provide information to large amounts of people almost instantly.
53
advantages and dis of emails
ad
- Can send to multiple people in one go
- free
- can send text and files
dis
- viruses can be spread through files
- No guarantee the person will read the email
- requires internet connection
54
what is document stores
allows users to store their files online on a cloud storage such as google drive and microsofts one drive. storing files in cloud means you can access it from anywhere if you have a stable internet connection
55
What is RSS feeds
allows users to subscribe to updates from their favourite website
56
Advantages and dis of interent for induviduals
ad
24/7 access to services such as online banking
easy access to information
dis
cyber bullying
spreading of wrong information
57
ad and dis of internet for organisations
ad
easy internal communication
Access 24/7 to online services such as accepting payments
dis
cost of maintaing services
58
Name the information styles
```
Text
Graphics
Subtitles
Boolean
Audio
Charts and graphs
Tables and spreadsheets
Graphics
Animated graphics
Numerical
Tactile Images
Braille
```
59
What is text
a written type of format of information
60
ad and dis of text
ad
text can be written in different languages so different people can understand
dis
Text can be time consuming if it is a large amount
text may be incorrect factually and contain spelling errors
61
what is graphics
a visual format of information such as logos
62
ad and dis of graphics
ad
graphics are more engaging then text
dis
Graphics may take long too load
63
What is video
visual format of information often with audio
64
ad and dis of video
ad
more engaging and easier to understand than larger amounts of text
dis
videos take time to create and publish as it requires editing
65
What is numerical
numerical information is represented by numbers
| numbers can be a wide array of different info such as statistics, date, date and financial information
66
ad and dis of numerical
ad
numerical data is easier to understand than standard text for example 230,000 is easier to understand than two hundred and thirty thousand
dis
long numbers can be entered by humans incorrectly which can lead to inaccurate results
67
what is audio
information type using sound waves, a common form of audio is music, non music types are spoken instructions
68
ad and dis of audio
ad
visually impaired users can hear and still gain access to the same information
dis
audio may not be suitable in certain enviroments
words may be misheard which leads to inaccurate info
69
what is tactile images
form of physical info that can be interpreted by touch
70
ad and dis of tactile images
ad
visually impaired people can feel the object instead of seeing it
dis
requires specialist equipment like a 3d printer
71
What is subtitles
textual form of information that is showed alongside video transcripting speech into text
72
ad and dis of subtitles
Ad
people who have difficulty hearing can understand the speech from the subtitles
dis
auto generated subtitles are often incorrect
73
what is boolean
data type that can only have one of two answers such as yes and no or true and false
74
what is tables and spreadsheets
store both numerical and textual data ready for analysis
75
what is charts and graph
used to present numerical data in a format that is easy to visualize, they can be labeled to represent different data values
76
ad and dis of charts n graphs
ad
can help identify patterns and trends
dis
can be wrong is numerical data is incorrect
77
Name the information classfications
```
Sensitive
Non sensitive
Public
Confidential
private
business
personal
classified
anonymous
```
78
what is sensitive
information that should be protected from being publicly released as it can harm the safety or privacy of an induvidual or orgnaisation
examples include medical data and financial data
79
what is non sensitive
information that can be publicly released without any fear of consequence
examples include store address, pricing of products
80
what is private information
relates to an induvidual and should not be shared with anyone else without the data subjects permission
examples include online banking, home address
81
what is public information
released to the public and can be seen by anyone is also non sensitive
examples include social media usernames, public business info such as business address
82
what is personal information
data about a specific individual examples include full name, gender and data of birth
83
what is business information
any data related to a business this info can be both public and private
examples include annual sales figures, address of head quarters, employee details
84
what is confidential information
private data that is more restricted than sensitive information, with access only limited to those who need it
examples include trade secrets, business profit/loss
85
what is classified information
highly sensitive information stored by a government institution , requiring the highest levels of restricted access, access is usually restricted by the law and there are 3 types of classified information official, secret and top secret
86
what is anonymised information
removes personal identifable information so that an induvidual can not be identifed
there are two types partially anoymised and completly annoymised
87
Name the information characteristics
```
Valid
Biased
Reliable
Relevant
Accurate
```
88
what is valid information
correct up to date and is fit for its purpose
89
what is biased information
slanted info that presents a one sided view for example a financial report that only focuses on profits not loss
90
what is reliable information
information from a source that can be verified as correct
91
what is relevant information
information that should be appropriate for the required purpose
92
what is accurate information
information should be carefully selected and entirely correct as inaccurate information could lead to unwanted consequences
93
what is good quality information
information that is valid and is reliable and relvevant and can lead to improved decisions
94
what is poor quality information
information that is biased, inaccurate and not relevant which may lead to negative impacts such as loss of customer trust.
95
what are the positve impacts of good info
relaible info can lead to improved decision making
| good quality research can lead to better understanding
96
what are the negative impacts of poor info
biased surveys can lead to misinformed decisons
| inaccurate stock info can lead to inaccurate delivery times and unhappy customer
97
what is MIS
Management information system is used to collect store analyse and present data for an organization.
the system processes large amounts of data and organises it so it can be used for decision making
98
advantages and dis of MIS
AD
with the correct data it can lead to improved decision making for a business
backup capabilities incase of disaster
Dis
expensive to install
employees require training
99
stages in managing information
```
Collect
Store
Retrieval
manipulate and process
analyse
```
100
what does data mean
Data is unprocessed facts that have no context
101
what does information mean
data that is processed and has meaningful context
102
Categories of information for induviduals
```
Planning
education
entertainment
research
location dependent
communication
financial
```
103
Categories of information for organizations
```
MIS
Knowledge management and creation
Decision making
contact management
Big Data
Internal external communication
marketing promotion sales
financial anaylsis modeling
```
104
Stages of data analysis
```
Identify the need
define the scope
identify potential sources
source and select info
select most appropriate
process and analyse data
record and store info
share results
```
105
data analysis tools
```
Data tables
Visulisation of data
Trend and pattern identification
data cleaning
gis location mapping
```
106
what is open information system
where system can interact with other information systems to exchange data
due to the system being open risk of data or loss or hacking is high
107
What is a closed system
this sytem is private and cannot exchange data with other systems
access is limited but information is kept more secure than an open system
108
What is data protection act
Data protection act protects the privacy of data of individuals that is stored on computers and processed by organisations, the six main principles of data protection are
data must be collected lawfully and processed fairly
Collected data must only be used for reasons specified
Data must be relevant and not excessive
Data must be accurate and up to date
Data must not be stored longer than required
Data must be processed and stored securely
109
what is computer misuse act
Computer misuse act attempts to stop and punish those who use computers inappropriately. Breaking this act or the 3 principles could result in in fine and jail sentence if proved the act was committed on purpose. The 3 principles of computer misuse act are
unauthorised access to data
Unauthorised access to data that could be used for illegal activities
No unauthorised modification of data
110
What is RIPA
Regulation of investigatory powers is RIPA is used to monitor and access online communications of suspected criminals. If criminal activity is suspected then the act allows the following powers
Internet service providers must provide access to the suspects online communications such as social media or email of the suspect.
Locked data may be accessed such as online messages
Internet service providers may install surveillance software to track online activity
111
What is copy right, designs and patents act
this act makes it a criminal offence to copy work that is not yours without permission from the rightful owner such as images, text and videos
112
what is greenn IT
To use computers and technology in an enviromentally friendly way to reduce a companies carbon footbprint
examples of green IT are
turn off computers when not in use
re cycle ink cateridges and paper
donate old equipment to charity for re use
113
why use green IT
reudces enegry costs
| improving public image
114
name sources of information
internal
| external
115
name data types
primary
secondary
qualitative
quantitative
116
draw external entity
check csnewbs for answer
117
draw data store
csnewbs
118
draw process
csnwebs
119
draw data flow
csnewbs
120
what is a level 0 data flow diagram
shows the flow of data in a more simple manner
121
what is data flow diagram
dfd is a visual representation of how data is transferred within an organization
122
what is level 1 dfd
shows the flow of data in a more detailed manner and proccesses are shown seperatly
123
what are the 4 rules for drawing a level 1 dfd
data flows only in one direction
every data flow connects to at least one process
every data flow is labelled with the data itself
one input or output for each external entity
124
what impacts affect the flow of information
incorrect information
human error
communication breakdown
hardware failure
IT UNIT 2
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