Construction Materials - MIDTERM > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Give the three construction aggregates

A
  1. Soil Aggregates
  2. Concrete Aggregates
  3. Composite Aggregates
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2
Q

Almost all natural aggregates material originate from ___________.

A

Bed Rocks

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3
Q

Cohesion and fragmentation processes work together to create soil aggregates.

A

Soil Aggregates

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4
Q

It is an unconsolidated or loose combination of organic and inorganic materials. And this is considered a three - phase material composed of rocks and, mineral particles, water and air.

A

Soil

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5
Q

Engineering properties of soil includes:

A
  • shear strength
  • stiffness
  • permeability
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6
Q

Retaining structures includes

A

earth filled dams and retaining walls

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7
Q

Earthwork includes

A

embankments, tunnels, dikes, reservoirs, and sanitary landfills

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8
Q

Engineering Classification of Soil ( According to Size)

A

A. Granular Soil
B. Fine - Grained Soil
C. Organic Soil

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9
Q

Granular or coarse grained passing - _____ mm or ____ inches and retained on a _______ ( #______) sieves.

A

75, 3, 0.075 mm, 200

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10
Q

Gravel - particles passing _____ mm and retained on ( Sieve # ______) _____ mm sieves mostly found in __________.

A

75 , 10 , 2.0 , rivers

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11
Q

Sand - passing ________ mm and retained on ______ mm sieves
- Coarse Sand = ( _____ - _______ mm ( #____)
- Fine sand = ( _______- ______ (#_______)

A

2.0 mm, 0.075, 2.0 mm, 0.425, # 40 , 0.425, 0.075 ( #200)

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12
Q

Granular Soil properties, ge daw be!

A
  1. good load bearing qualities
  2. Permeable, hence they drain easily
  3. Comparatively incrompessible when subjected to static loads.
  4. Not subject to changes in strength or volume due to variation in water content, however loose granular materials will undergo considerable reduction in volume if subjected to vibratory loads.
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13
Q

Fine Grained Soil

Silt - passing ______ mm and larger than ________mm.
Clay - soil particles less than _________ mm.

A

0.075 , 0.002, 0.002

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14
Q

Organic Soil ( passing _______) ( ____ to _____ colors)
Lezgaur iingon ang properties

A
  • inferior than fine grained soils with respect to the properties
  • fibruos soil due to the presence of undecomposed plant matter
  • unhealthy sewage sludge odor.
  • found as deposits in swamps and peat bogs.
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15
Q

And so, again lezgo, unsuitable soil material:

A

Soil containing quantities of organic material such as grass, roots, and sewage.
highly organic soild such as peat and muck.

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16
Q

Soil with liquid limit exceeding ____ and or plasticity index exceeding ____. is not a good soil material

A
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17
Q

Soil with a natural water content exceeding _______ % is an unsuitable soil material.

A

100

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18
Q

Soil with very low natural density , _______ kg/m^3 or lower is an unsuitable soil material.

A

800

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19
Q

Laboratory tests for granular soil sample , 5 kabuok) GAMAC

A
  • Grading / Sieve Analysis
  • Atterberg Limit Test ( Plasticity Test)
  • Moisture - Density Relation test
  • California Bearing Ratio
  • Abrasion Test
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20
Q

Particle Size analysis of soil ( AASHTO _____ or ASTM _________), determine the particle size distributioin of soil and it is used to classift/ identify the soil, what are the 3?

A

T 88, D 422
Sieve/ Grading Test
Hydrometer Test
Combined Analysis

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21
Q

Liquid Limit/ Plastic Limit Test ( AASHTO _____/______) (ASTM ______)

A

T-89. T-90, D 4318

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22
Q

The lowest moisture content at which the soil will flow upon the application of a very small shearing force.

A

Liquid Limit

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23
Q

the minimum moisture content at which the soil can be readily molded without breaking crumbling

A

Plastic Limit

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24
Q

Moisture Density Relation or COMPACTION TEST of SOil ( AASHTO ________/ ________) ASTM ______/ ________

A

T-99, T-180, D 698, D 1557

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25
It is a process of increaing soil density and removing air, usually by mechanical means.
Compaction
26
This involves the granular rearrangement of soil particles as a number of moisture contents ranging from slightly dry to very wet, by a specifies amount of energy applies on a specified manner,
Compaction test
27
The purpose of compaction test is to determine the amount of mixing water ( O M C ) and ( M D C )
Optimum Moisture Contetnt, Maximum Dry Density
28
Moisture content of the soil is vital to proper compaction
True
29
CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO ( CBR) ( AASHTO _____)
T - 193
30
It is a method of evaluating the relative quality of subgrade, subbase, and base soil for pavements.
California Bearing Ratio
31
CBR requirements of Soil Aggregates: Item 201/202/203 ) _________ minimum, Item 200 ( _______ minimum)
80 %, 30 %
32
Abrasion Test ( AASHTO _______, ASTM _________)
T-96, C 131
33
This test evaluates the structural strength of coarse aggregate. It gives an indicataion of quality as determined by resistance to ________ and _______.
Abrasion Test, impact and wear
34
In an abrasion Test, it consists of a cast - iron spheres or steel spheres approximatelt ________ in diameter and each weighing between _______ - ______ grams.
46.8 mm, 390-455
35
okkay in computing the Abrasion Loss percentage - you use what kind of sieve
1.7 mm ( #12 sieve)
36
Abrasion Loss Requirements of Los Angeles, Item 201/200 ( ____ % maximum). Item 202/300 ( ____maximum)
50 , 45
37
CONCRETE AGGREGATES composition of concrete 1. Paste which is _____ and _______. 2. Mineral Aggregate which is ______ and _________.
cement and water. coarse and fine
38
This are inert, granular, and inorganic materials the normally consists of stone or stone like solids.
Aggregates
39
The most popular use of aggregates is to form _______________. Approximatley, ____ of the volume of thus is occupies by aggregates.
Portland cement concrete, 3/4
40
Another important application, aggregates are used in _______________ in which they occupay __% or more of the total volume.
asphalt cement concrete, 90
41
Coarse aggregates pass _______ mm and retained at ______ mm sieve.
75, 4.75
42
Coarse aggregates consists of :
crushed stone, gravel, blast furnace slag, etc.basta free from adherent coatings.
43
Fine aggregates pass from ______ mm retained _______ mm sieve. And it consists of:
9.50 mm, 0.075 mm, natural sand, stone screenings,
44
extracyed from larger rock formations through an open excavation .
Natural Aggregates
45
man - made aggragates produces as a main product or an industrial by- product and examples
Manufactures or Synthetic Aggregates ( blast furnace slag, iron ore, crushed steel)
46
Classification of Aggregates in accordance with Unit Weight Light - Normal - Heavy -
1120 kg/m3 ( cinder, blast furnace slag, volcanic pumocs) 1520 to 1680 kg/m3 2100 kg/m3 ( magnesite limonite, heavy iron ore)
47
Prepartion of Samples for Testing Samples shall be dried thoroighly in air or in drying apparatus at a temperature not exceeding _______.
60 degrees Celcius
48
Reduction of Samples for the different tests what are the two?
Quartering and Sample Splitter
49
_____________ of aggregate is an important characteristic because it determines the paste requirement for workable concrete.
Grading/Size Districution
50
A sample of well - graded aggregate containing minimum voids will require minumum _______ to fill up the voids in the aggegates.
paste
51
Aggregate size, larger size of aggragate is preffered in concrete because of the following 3 reasons.
a. It reduces cement requirement b. It reduces water requiremet c, It reduces shrinkage of concrete
52
There are number of factors which limit the higher size of aggragates in concrete. The MSA, Maximum Size of Aggregates which can be used is guided by the factors such as. Thickness of section ________________ Spacing of Reinforcement ___________ Clear Cover ____________
MSA should not be gretaer than the thickness of the slab divided by 4 MSA should not be greater than 5 mm less than the spacing of steel reinforcments MSA should not be greater than 5 mm than the cover proviided, If concrete cover is 30 mm.
53
The smallest sieve through which 100 percent of the aggragate sample particle pass. It defines as one sieve larger than the nominal maximum size"
Maximum Size Aggregates
54
The largest sieve that retains some of the aggragate partocles but generally not more than 10 percent by weight. "one sieve larger than the first sieve to retain more than 10 percent of the material.
Nominal Maximum size of Aggregates
55
Specific Gravity and Absorption Determination of Coarse and Fine Aggregates
AASHTO T 84/ ASTM C 128) AASHTO T 85/ ASTM C 127)
56
The bulk specifc gravity of most rocks range from
2.5 to 2.8
57
s
58
The ration of the mass of a solid or liquid to the mass of an equal volume of distilled water at 4 degrees Celcius.
Specific Gravity
59
Because the aggregates may contain water permeable voids, 2 measure of specific gravity are used:
apparent specific gravity and bulk specific gravity
60
fully absorbent
oven dry
61
dry at the particle surface but containing some interior moisture, thus still somewhat absorbent
Air dry
62
Neither absorbing water from nor contributing water to the concrete mixture
Saturatedd Surface Dry
63
containing an excess moisture on the surface ( free water)
Damp or wet
64
Most fine aggregates can maintain a maximum drained moisture content about ___ to ____, whereas coarse aggregates can maitain only about _____ to ______.
3 , 8, 1 , 6
65
In concrete mix design calculations, we assume the aggregate to be ---------
saturated and surface dry
66
In order to get the specific gravity of coarse aggregates, what kind of wire basket do we need
No. 4 ( 9.45 mm) sieve
67
UNIT WEIGHT DETERMINATION OF COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATES
AASHTO T 19, and ASTM C 29
68
Values of unit weight/mass are used in _____________ calculation.
Volumetric-gravimetric
69
Shape and texture of aggregate affects properties f ________ more of hardened concrete.
fresh concrete
70
Most natural sands and grvael from riverbeds or seashores are ________ and _______ and are excellent aggregates.I
smooth and rounded
71
______________, on the other hand, produces more angular and elongate aggregates, which have a higher ______________, better bond characteristics, but require more cement paste to producea workable mixture.
Crushed stone, surface to volume ratio
72
Surface texture of aggregates can either be ________ or __________. A _______ improve workability, yet a rougher surface generates ____________ between the paste and the aggregates.
smooth , hard, smooth surface, better bobd
73
What are the two consideration in the shape of the material
angular and flakiness
74
Material having the length considerably larger than the width and the width considerably larger than the thickness
Flaky and Elongated
75
Fully water wornn or completlet shaped by attrition
Rounded
76
Abrasion Loss Requirements of Aggregates, Item 310 ______, Item 311/405 _________
45 % maximum, 40 % maximum
77
Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates
( AASHTO T 71) ( ASTM C 87)
78
SOUNDNESS TEST OF AGGREGATES
AASHTO T 104, ASTM C 88
79
In Soundness test , what solution does the material submerged in.
saturated solution of Sodium or Magnesium Sulfate.
80
Composiet aggregates are usuallly used for ___________ mix.
Bituminuous or asphalt mix
81
DPWH standard specificatuin for Highway, Bridges, and Airports Volume II, 2013 edition states that Coarse aggregares for Bituminous Concrete states that the coarse aggregates retained on the __________ shalll be crushed stine, crushed slag or crushed or natural gravel.
2.36 mm ( No. 8)
Construction Materials - MIDTERM
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