Unit 2

Question 1

Population structure

Answer 1

The percentage of the population that are children, elderly, male, or female

Question 2

Population pyramids

Answer 2

Show the structure/composition of a location, and are used to assess population growth and decline

Question 3

Dependency ratio

Answer 3

The number of people in a dependent age group divided by the number of people in the working age group multiplied by 100
Under the age of 15 and over the age of 65

Question 4

Types of dependencies

Answer 4

Youth and elderly

Question 5

Impact of high dependency ratio

Answer 5

more people not working, causes working population to face higher taxes

Question 6

impacts of an elderly dependency ratio - ESPN

Answer 6

Economic: The elderly pay less taxes, healthcare costs increase
Social: Culture changes
Political: Having different perspectives on political issues

Question 7

Sex ratio

Answer 7

the proportion of males to females in a population

Question 8

Factors that determine a populations growth and decline

Answer 8

Fertility: CBR, TFR
Mortality: Life expectancy, CDR
Migration

Question 9

CBR

Answer 9

The number of live births occurring in one year per 1000 people
CBR is highest in west and subsaharan africa

Question 10

TFR

Answer 10

Average number of children who would be born per woman during her childbearing years
Globally TFR has been decreasing
Must have TFR between 2.1-2.3

Question 11

Life expectancy

Answer 11

The number of years the average person will live
West europe and oceania have highest life expectancy

Question 12

CDR

Answer 12

The number of deaths occuring in one year per 1000 people

Question 13

IMR

Answer 13

The number of children who die before age 1
When IMR goes down, life expectancy goes up which leads to high population growth

Question 14

NIR or RNI

Answer 14

CBR-CDR/10
does not account for migration

Question 15

Population growth rate

Answer 15

Births - deaths + immigrants - emigrants

Question 16

Doubling time

Answer 16

The number of years in which a population will double

Question 17

What happened in 1750

Answer 17

Agricultural and industrial revolution along with rapid urbanization and advances in healthcare and sanitation

Question 18

First 1 billion in

Answer 18

1804

Question 19

What causes pop growth - ESPN

Answer 19

Economic: advancement in food production and sanitation, access to healthcare
Social: Traditional cultures encourage big families
Political: Pro natalist population policies

Question 20

What causes pop decline

Answer 20

Economic: Industrial and post industrial society
Social: Women having a role and getting better education
Political: Anti natalist policies
Environmental: Natural disasters

Question 21

Demography

Answer 21

The study of population dynamics

Question 22

Stage 1 Dtm

Answer 22

High cbr, no growth, high cdr

Question 23

stage 2

Answer 23

high cbr, cdr rapid decline, rapid growth

Question 24

stage 3

Answer 24

cdr rapid decline, growth slows, cbr slow decline

Question 25

Stage 4

Answer 25

Low cbr, low cdr, low growth

Question 26

stage 5

Answer 26

zero or negative growth, very low CBR, low cdr

Question 27

Malthus claim

Answer 27

population grows exponentially while food grow arithmetically which leads to food shortages

Question 28

Boserups theory

Answer 28

food supply is impacted by population growth, as population increases, humans will develop new technologies to increase food production

Question 29

Pro natalist

Answer 29

Government programs designed to increase fertility and accelerate population growth ( stage 4 and 5 countries)

Question 30

Anti natalist

Answer 30

Government programs designed to decrease fertility and slow down population growth

Question 31

Migration

Answer 31

the permanent or semi permanent relocation of people from one place to another

Question 32

Push factors

Answer 32

causes people to move away from

Question 33

pull factors

Answer 33

encourage people to move to a place

Question 34

ravensteins laws

Answer 34

migration is short in distance, it occurs in steps, urban areas attract both long distance and rural migrants, every migration generates a counter migration, young single adult males are more likely to migrate than females, women will migrate shorter distances, most migration is due to economic factors

Question 35

Voluntary migration

Answer 35

People migrate due to their own choices

Question 36

Involuntary migration

Answer 36

People relocate due to fears of violence or survival

Question 37

transnational

Answer 37

migration from one country to another

Question 38

internal

Answer 38

migration within a countrys borders

Question 39

transhumance

Answer 39

Migration of livestock from high elevation in summer to lower elevation in the winter

Question 40

chain

Answer 40

migration due to recommendations of people

Question 41

step migration

Answer 41

reaching location in smaller distances

Question 42

guest workers

Answer 42

migrants who travel internationally in order to find work as temporary laborers

Question 43

Internally displaced persons

Answer 43

someone who has been forced to flee their home but never crosses an international border