Gr. 12 World Issues > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is globalization?

A

Increasing connections between countries (trade, culture, technology)

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2
Q

What are the 7 types of globalization?

A

Economic, Financial, Cultural, Political, Technological, Geographic, Ecological

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3
Q

What is Economic globalization?

A

Trade and business between countries
Ex. Buying clothes made in another country

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4
Q

What is Financial globalization?

A

Money and investments moving between countries
Ex. A company investing in another country

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5
Q

What is Cultural globalization?

A

Sharing culture, ideas, and trends worldwide
Ex. K-pop or McDonald’s in many countries

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6
Q

What is Political globalization?

A

Countries working together through governments/organizations
Ex. The UN making global decisions

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7
Q

What is Technological globaliztion?

A

Technology spreading around the world
Ex. Using the internet to talk to someone in another country

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8
Q

What is Geographic globalization?

A

People and goods moving across the world
Ex. Traveling or shipping products globally

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9
Q

What is Ecological globalization?

A

Environmental issues affecting the whole world
Ex. Climate change or pollution

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10
Q

Why do some people support globalization?

A

Creates jobs, cheaper goods, economic growth

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11
Q

Why do some people criticize globalization?

A

Causes inequality, exploitation, environmental harm

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12
Q

What is free trade?

A

Trade without tariffs or restrictions

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13
Q

What is a TNC?

A

Transnational Corporation: A company that operates in multiple countries

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14
Q

Why do people support TNCs?

A

They create jobs and boost economies

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15
Q

Why do people criticize TNCs?

A

Low wages, poor conditions, exploitation

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16
Q

What is structural adjustment?

A

Conditions set by IMF/World Bank for loans

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17
Q

What is the IMF?

A

International Monetary Fund: Organization that gives loans to stabilize economies

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18
Q

What is the World Bank?

A

Organization that funds long term development projects

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19
Q

What are core countries?

A

Wealthy, developed countries

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20
Q

What are periphery countries?

A

Poor, less developed countries

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21
Q

What are semi-periphery countries?

A

Countries in between developed and developing

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22
Q

What is a cash crop?

A

Crop grown to sell, not to eat

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23
Q

What is the mercantile system?

A

Colonies supply resources to the mother country
(economy based off of extraction of raw resources and material goods)

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24
Q

What is a mother country?

A

Country that controls a colony (Colonizer)

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25
What is extreme poverty?
Living on less than about $2.15/day
26
What is HDI?
Measure of quality of life/level of development
27
What factors make up HDI?
Life expectancy, education, income (quality of life)
28
Why is social and economic development important?
Both are needed for a good quality of life
29
How does low HDI affect a country?
Leads to poverty and fewer opportunities
30
How does extreme poverty impact families?
Lack of food, healthcare, and education
31
Why are IMF and World Bank criticized?
Strict loan conditions, can increase poverty
32
How does structural adjustment limit development?
Forces spending cuts and debt repayment less money for healthcare, education, and infrastructure
33
wHow did colonialism impact countries?
Took resources and weakened economies
34
What are trade inequities?
Unfair trade between countries
35
What is failure to thrive?
When a country cannot develop or improve its economy
36
What is the poverty trap?
A cycle where a country stays poor because it lacks money to improve Malawi
37
How does agriculture cause failure to thrive?
Farming depends on weather and makes low income, so countries can’t grow or invest. Example: Drought = no crops Malawi (rain-dependent farming, droughts)
38
How does population growth affect development?
Too many people, not enough resources Example: Not enough jobs or food Malawi (high growth puts pressure on resources)
39
How does poor infrastructure affect a country?
Limits trade and job opportunities Example: Bad roads = hard to sell goods Malawi (bad roads, limited electricity, few jobs)
40
How does physical geography affect development?
Location or environment makes growth difficult Example: Landlocked or dry countries struggle Niger / Chad / Nepal (landlocked or harsh environments)
41
What is a fiscal trap?
Too much debt, so money goes to paying it off Example: Sri Lanka (high debt and interest)
42
How does government failure affect development?
Corruption or poor decisions slow growth Example: Money is misused Venezuela (misuse of oil money)
43
How does lack of investment affect a country?
No money to build or improve the economy Example: No businesses or factories Malawi (can’t invest in farming or development)
44
How does war affect development?
Destroys economy and infrastructure Example: Businesses and homes destroyed Ukraine (war caused economic collapse)
45
How does disease affect development?
People can't work, lowers productivity Botswana (disease impacts workforce)
46
What is brain drain?
Skilled workers leave for better opportunities Eastern Europe / Sub-Saharan Africa (skilled workers leave)
47
What is the demographic trap?
High birth rate + low income keeps countries poor Sudan (high birth rate, very young population)
48
Why did the Scramble for Africa happen?
To gain resources, power, and land
49
Who was responsible for the Scramble for Africa?
European countries
50
What was a negative effect of colonialism in Africa?
Conflict, poverty, unstable borders
51
What is neocolonialism?
Indirect control through economics/politics
52
How is neocolonialism similar to colonialism?
Continues exploitation without direct rule
53
How does The Dark Side of Chocolate show neocolonialism?
Child labour and exploitation in cocoa farms
54
How does neocolonialism affect development?
Keeps countries dependent and poor
55
What is modernization theory?
Countries develop in stages
56
What is world systems theory?
World divided into core, semi, periphery
57
What is a limitation of these theories?
Too simple, ignore inequality and history
58
Why is Canada in Stage 5?
High income, advanced technology, service economy
59
What causes global economic crises?
Debt, poor policies, global shocks
60
What are effects of economic crises?
Unemployment and poverty
61
How do wealthy nations impact developing ones?
Control trade and influence economies
62
What happened when aid shifted from grants to loans?
Countries went into debt
63
What is debt relief?
Reducing or forgiving debt
64
What is the humanitarian view of debt relief?
Help poor countries survive
65
What is the moral view of debt relief?
Countries should repay debts
66
What is the HIPC program?
Program to reduce debt in poorest countries
67
What are the pros of HIPC?
Reduces debt so countries have more money to spend Money can go to healthcare, education, and infrastructure Helps countries escape the debt cycle
68
What are the cons of HIPC
Countries must follow strict conditions to qualify Relief may not be enough to fully fix the economy Can keep countries dependent on richer nations
69
What is a simple summary of HIPC pros and cons?
Pros: reduces debt and helps development Cons: strict rules and limited long-term impact
Gr. 12 World Issues
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