world views
- ones personal view of the world and how one interprets it
- ones beliefs about reality and general philosophy or view of life
cultural contact
- the interaction of diverse cultures and perspectives
- may result in changes in values, beliefs and traditions
depopulation
- the reduction of a population
- caused by conflict, disease, loss of resources, cultural change or assimilation
Silk Road
-network of trails that made it possible for merchants, diplomats and travellers to travel and trade along routes from the Roman Empire (Western world) to China (Eastern world)
international trade
-the exchange of raw materials and manufactured goods among distinct groups of people
mercantilism
- from the 16th to 19th centuries
- a system of government-sponsored international business ventures designed to make European monarchs rich
capitalism
- economic system for increasing individual wealth
- requires relatively free market, open competition, profit motive, at least some private ownership of the means of production
free market
-market in which government would regulate nothing and all businesses and property would be privately owned
entrepreneurs
-people who take risks by launching business ventures in the hope of making a profit
Adam Smith
- Scottish philosopher and economist
- criticized mercantilism
- wanted Society of Perfect Liberty (economic growth increases naturally and rapidly if entrepreneurs were free of government restrictions)
exploitation
-the use of a person or group for selfish purposes
communism
- planned economic system
- government owns all means of production; all people work for government-owned and government-run enterprises
industrialization
- a stage of economic development
- occurs when the place of production shifts from the home and small craft shops to large factories
Industrial Revolution
-the combination of social and economic changes brought about by the extensive use of machinery in production, especially in Great Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries
cottage industries
- early stage of economic development
- workers produce limited numbers of goods in their homes
old imperialism
-god, gold, glory
new imperialism
-resources and power; industrialization (inventions)
ethnocentrism
-believing your culture is greater than any other
Eurocentrism
-a belief that the European world view is superior to all others
colony
-a territory that belonged to a European country, was ruled by the European government, and was completely subject to that European country
protectorate
-an area that maintained its own sovereignty but was guided by a European country
sphere of influence
-an economic agreement in which a European country owned exclusive trade and investment rights in a region of the Americas, Asia, or Africa
paternalistic
-characterized by treating or governing a people in a fatherly way (providing for them without giving them rights and responsibilities)
Confederation
- 1867
- English and French colonists negotiated a partnership to control the lands and resources north of the 49th parallel
