What are statistics?
methods for
- collecting
- organizing
- summarizing
- presenting
- analyzing data
What is a tools for gathering data?
check sheet
What is a tool to organize data?
pareto charts
What is a tools for data presentation?
- scatter diagrams
- histograms
What is a check sheet? How do you make a check sheet?
It is a statistical tool used for gathering data.
- list the defects
- give a check for each time it happens
- total all checks
What is a Pareto chart?
It is used for organizing and analyzing data.
- goes by Murphy’s law, 80% of issues come from 20% of defects
- chart issues, sort and add a trend line
- analyze which is the highest defects so you know where to start.
What is a Scatter Diagram
a statistical tool used to show a relationship between two values
What is a positive correlation in a scatter diagram?
when the diagram points move going up to the right.
What is a negative correlation in a scatter diagram?
when the diagram points move going down to the right
What is a scatter graph with no correlation?
they are randomly scattered points with no direction or pattern
What is a histogram?
A statistical tool, a distribution showing the frequency of occurrence of a variable.
What is a sample?
A subset of individuals from within a population, used to gain knowledge about the whole population.
What is the mean, median and mode?
the mean is average of data
the median is the middle point of the data
the mode is the data element which appears the most
What is the variance?
- how widely spread the data is
- the larger the variance the further away from the mean
- the smaller the variance the closer the values are from the mean
What is the standard deviation?
measure of the spread or dispersion of the data points
What is the range?
the difference between smallest and largest data points
What is a cause & effect diagram? And what are the steps?
-a statistical tool used to find problem sources/solutions
The steps are:
1. identify problem
2. draw main causes for problem
3. ask what caused the problems for each main cause.
What are the 5ms ?
- measurement
- machines
- manpower
- materials
- methods
what are the 4 ps?
- policies
- plant
- people
- procedures
