Unit 2-Cell size

Question 1

Surface area-to-volume (SA:Vol) ratio

Answer 1

Constraint on cell size, influencing how cells exchange nutrients, remove waste, and regulate thermal energy

Question 2

Many diseases arise from disruptions from what processes?

Answer 2

SA:Vol ratio

Question 3

The plasma membrane must have sufficient what to facilitate the exchange of materials necessary for cell survival

Answer 3

surface area

Question 4

smaller cells

Answer 4

have a higher SA:Vol ratio

Question 5

What does having a higher SA:Vol ratio mean?

Answer 5

more efficiently take in nutrients and expel waste

Question 6

Red blood cells are

Answer 6

small and biconcave to maximize oxygen exchange

Question 6

larger cells

Answer 6

have a lower SA:Vol ratio

Question 7

What example of complex cellular structure have evolved to maintain efficient material exchange despite size constraints?

Answer 7

Membrane folds

Question 7

What does having a lower SA:Vol ratio mean?

Answer 7

More challenging to meet internal resource demands

Question 8

What do the microvilli in the small intestine do?

Answer 8

Increase surface area, optimizing nutrient absorption

Question 9

Modifications in cell shape and structure help maintain

Answer 9

essential physiological functions

Question 10

smaller organisms, like mice, have a high metabolic rate per unit of body mass, requiring

Answer 10

rapid energy intake to sustain their activity

Question 10

SA:Vol ratio affects what?

Answer 10

thermal regulation and metabolic rates

Question 11

A lower SA:Vol ratio

Answer 11

reduces heat loss but requires behavioral adaptations

Question 12

smaller individuals

Answer 12

lose heat more rapidly due to their higher SA:Vol ratio

Question 13

As cells increase in volume their relative SA:Vol ratio ___ but their demand for resources___

Answer 13

decreases, increases