( UNIT 2 ) Cells

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

• Common structure in every type of cell
• Selectively Permeable (Controls what comes in and out of the cell)
• Referred to as the “phospholipid bilayer” as it has two layers of phospholipids

Question 2

What are the two different categories of cells?

Answer 2

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

Question 3

Prokaryotes

Answer 3

No nucleus or organelles.

Question 4

Eukaryotes

Answer 4

• Complex cell
• Has membrane bound organelles

Question 5

Why is the plasma membrane described as a fluid mosaic model?

Answer 5

• Fluid = things inside are able to move around
• Mosaic = Membrane looks like a pattern from above

Question 6

Describe the structure of the plasma membrane.

Answer 6

Has two layers of phospholipids (Phospholipid Bilayer)

• Phosphate heads located on the outer edges of the membrane as they are Polar ( hydrophilic : ability to dissolve in water ; “water loving” ).
• Lipid Tails are hidden inside the surrounding Phosphate heads as they are Non-polar ( hydrophobic : can’t dissolve in water ; “water phobic” ).
• Transport Protein : Transports substances in and out of the cell. Located in between the chains of phospholipids.

Question 7

Cell Wall

Answer 7

• Function: Support + Protect
• Found: Plants, Fungi, Prokaryotes

Question 8

Centrioles

Answer 8

• Function: Assists with cell division
• Found: Animals , most protists

Question 9

Chloroplast

Answer 9

• Function: Photosynthesis
• Found: Plants , some Protists

Question 10

Cilia

Answer 10

• Function: Movement, Feeding
• Found: Some Eukaryotes

Question 11

Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

• Function: Structure / Framework
• Found: Eukaryotes

Question 12

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 12

• Function: Holds ribosomes
• Found: Eukaryotes

Question 13

Flagella

Answer 13

• Function: Movement , Feeding
• Found: Some Eukaryotes

Question 14

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 14

• Function: Modifies + packs proteins to send out of the cell
• Found: Eukaryotes

Question 15

Lysosome

Answer 15

• Function: Breaks down + digest unneeded structures using enzymes
• Found: Eukaryotes

Question 16

Mitochondrion ( mitochondria)

Answer 16

POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL !! 😨
- Function: Produces energy through Cellular Respiration

• Found: Eukaryotes

Question 17

Nucleus

Answer 17

• Function: Control Centreof the cell, Holds Genetic Material
• Found: Eukaryotes

Question 18

Plasma Membrane

Answer 18

• Function: Controls what’s go in and out
• Found: All

Question 19

Ribosome

Answer 19

• Function: Sight of Protein Synthesis
• Found: All

Question 20

Vacuole

Answer 20

• Function: Storage
• Found: Plants + Animals

Question 21

Diffusion

Answer 21

When the particles of a substance move from an area where there’s many of them to an area with less.

Question 22

What is diffusion affected by?

Answer 22

Concentration , Temperature , Pressure

• Higher levels of each speeds the process of diffusion as more particles collide into one another.

Question 23

Dynamic Equilibrium

Answer 23

Continuous movement of particles in a substance with no overall change ( Balance ).

Question 24

How does Diffusion relate to Dynamic Equilibrium?

Answer 24

Particles Diffuse to achieve Dynamic Equilibrium.

Question 25

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 25

The use of proteins to help move substances through a cell membrane.

Question 26

What is Osmosis ? Name the Types.

Answer 26

Net movement of particles through a semi-permeable membrane from a high concentration area to a low concentration area to achieve equilibrium. (1) Hypertonic (2) Hypotonic (3) Isotonic

Question 27

Hypertonic

Answer 27

- Concentration is higher outside the cell - Water moves out of the cell - Causes the cell to shrivel up due to the loss of pressure inside

Question 28

Hypotonic

Answer 28

- Concentration is higher inside the cell - Water moves into the cell - Causes the cell to swell up due to the heightened pressure inside. In extreme cases it may cause the cell to rupture.

Question 29

Isotonic

Answer 29

- Balanced concentration inside and outside the cell - Water moves in and out, creating a balanced concentration - Cell retains normal shape and remains healthy

Question 30

Active Transport

Answer 30

- Movement of particles that **require** energy to diffuse.

Question 31

Passive Transport

Answer 31

Doesn’t require energy to diffuse.