Budget variance
Budgeted - Actual
Net cash flow
Total Receipts - Total Payments
Closing balance
Opening Balance + Net Cash flow
Cost of Sales
Opening Stock + ( Purchases - Closing sales )
Gross Profit
Sales revenue - Cost of Sales
Gross profit margin
( Gross profit / Sales revenue aka turnover) x 100
Net Profit aka operating
Gross Profit - All other expenses
Net Profit Margin
( Net profit / Sales revenue aka turnover) x 100
Added value
Price of finished good - total cost of raw materials
capacity utilisation
(actual output / maximum possible output) x 100