1
Q
a
A
before
2
Q
AED
A
automated external defibrillator
3
Q
a.c.
A
before meals
4
Q
ASA
A
aspirin
5
Q
AMA
A
against medical advice
6
Q
AMS
A
altered mental status
7
Q
AMI
A
acute myocardia infarction
8
Q
bid
A
twice a day
9
Q
bp
A
blood pressure
10
Q
c/o
A
complaints of
11
Q
Ca
A
cancer
12
Q
cc
A
chief complaint
13
Q
chf
A
congestive heart failure
14
Q
co
A
carbon monoxide
15
Q
copd
A
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
16
Q
cpr
A
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
17
Q
csf
A
cerebrospinal fluid
18
Q
cva
A
cerebrovascular accident
19
Q
cxr
A
chest x-ray
20
Q
d/c
A
discontinue
21
Q
DOA
A
dead on arrival
22
Q
dob
A
date of birth
23
Q
Dx
A
diagnosis
24
Q
ECG/EKG
A
electrocardiogram
25
eta
estimated time of arrival
26
etoh
alcohol (ethanol)
27
fx
fracture
28
GI
gastrointestinal
29
gsw
gun shot wound
30
h / hr
hour
31
h/a
headache
32
h/o
history of
33
htn
hypertension
34
hx
history
35
icu
intensive care unit
36
im
intramuscular
37
L
left
38
lac
laceration
39
loc
level of consciousness
40
nka
no known allergies
41
npo
nothing by mouth
42
n/v
nausea/vomiting
43
O2
oxygen
44
od
overdose
45
or
operating room
46
pcn
penicillin
47
po
by mouth
48
prn
as needed
49
pt
patient
50
pta
prior to arrival
51
qh
every hour
52
qid
four times a day
53
R
right
54
r/o
rule out
55
rx
treatment
56
SOB/SHOB
shortness of breath
57
STAT
immediately
58
t.i.d.
three times a day
59
TIA
transient ischemic attack
60
w/o
without
61
-
negative
62
+
positive
63
ampule
small sealed glass container that holds a single dose of parenteral solution in a sterile condition
64
analgesic
drug that relieves pain without causing a loss of consciousness
65
anesthetic
drug that produces a loss of feeling or sensation
66
angina pectoris
severe constricting pain in the chest caused by the loss of blood flow to the heart muscle
67
arrhythmia
any variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat
68
atherosclerosis
condition in which thickening of the wall of a blood vessel occurs caused by the deposit of plaque
69
bolus
concentrated mass of pharmaceutical preparation
70
bronchodilator
drug that causes expansion of the lumina of the air passages of the lungs
71
coagulation
process of clot formation
72
contraindication
any condition that renders the administration of some drug or some particular line of treatment improper or undesirable
73
diabetes mellitus
primarily a disorder of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism secondary to insufficient secretion of insulin or insulin resistance
74
diuretic
drug that promotes the excretion of urine
75
drug
any substance that, when taken into a living organism, may modify one or more of its functions
76
edema
presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the tissues of the body
77
extravasation
discharge or escape of fluid from a vessel into the surrounding tissue that can cause localized vasoconstriction, resulting in sloughing of tissue and tissue necrosis if not reversed with antidote
78
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
inflammation of the lower esophagus from the regurgitation of acid gastric contents
79
generic name
drug name that is usually descriptive of its chemical structure but is not protected as is a trademark
80
hematoma
localized collection of blood in the tissue resulting from a break in the wall of the blood vessel
81
hyperlipidemia
elevations in plasma lipid concentration
82
hypertension
persistently high arterial blood pressure, usually exceeding 140 systolic and 90 diastolic
83
idiosyncratic reaction
unusual response to a drug that is peculiar to the individual
84
infiltration
diffusion of fluid into a tissue; often used interchangeably with extravasation
85
intramuscular
within the muscle tissue
86
intravenous
within a vein
87
laxative
agent that promotes the evacuation of the bowel
88
metabolic acidosis
condition resulting from accumulation of acid or depletion of alkaline reserves in the blood
89
microorganism
microscopic organism such as a bacterium or a virus that is too small to be seen without a microscope
90
opioid
any drug, natural or synthetic, that has activity similar to those of morphine
91
parenteral
not through the gastrointestinal tract but by injection through some other route
92
peristalsis
waves of contraction that propel contents through the gastrointestinal tract
93
pharmacist
person who is licensed to prepare and dispense drugs
94
pharmacology
study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties, and effects on living organisms
95
physical dependence
state of adaption or exhibited by a withdrawal syndrome specific to a class of drugs that may be produced by abrupt cessation or reduction in dose
96
schizophrenia
chronic mental disorder characterized by periods of withdrawn or bizarre behavior
97
shock
condition characterized by profound hypotension and reduced tissue perfusion
98
side effect
consequence other than the one for which a drug is used
99
subcutaneous
beneath the skin
100
sublingual
beneath the tongue
101
therapeutic
pertaining to the art of healing
102
thromboembolic disorders
conditions involving the partial or complete obstruction of a blood vessel
103
tolerance
state of adaptation in the response to drug exposure that results in a decrease of one or more of the drug's effects over time
104
topical
applied to a certain area of the skin and affecting only the area to which it is applied
105
transdermal
entering through the skin
106
vasoconstrictor
drug that causes constriction of the blood vessels
107
vasodilator
drug that causes dilation of the blood vessels
108
venipuncture
puncture of a vein
109
vile
small glass bottle containing multiple doses of a drug
110
tablet
granulated drug that has been compressed into a solid hard disc
111
capsule
dose form where a powdered or liquid drug us contained in a gelatin shell
112
inhalant
the inhalation route of administration may be used for either local or systemic effects (general anesthetics). Common for treating asthma or COPD
113
suppository
dose form shaped for insertion into a body orifice such as the rectum, vagina, or urethra.
114
solution
dose form in which one or more drugs are dissolved in a liquid carrier
115
suspension
dose form in which one or more drugs in small particles are suspended in a liquid carrier
116
transdermal patch
dose form that permits a drug to be applied on the skin surface where it is absorbed
117
analgesics
drugs that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness
118
anesthetics
agents that act on the central nervous system (CNS) to produce a loss of sensation.
119
general anesthetics
act on the CNS to produce muscle relaxation and loss of consciousness.
120
local anesthetics
block nerve conduction from an area of the body to the CNS
121
antianxiety agents
act on the CNS to calm or relax the anxious patient
122
antiarrhythmic
drug used to treat arrhythmias, which are any variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat
123
antibiotics
drugs used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms
124
anticoagulants
drugs that inhibit clotting of the blood or increase the coagulation time
125
anticonvulsants
drugs used to prevent or control the occurrence of seizures
126
antidepressants
drugs use din the treatment of depression
127
antidiabetic agents
drugs used to treat Type 1 (no insulin produced) and Type 2 (insulin resistance) diabetes
128
anti-emetics
drugs used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting
129
antifungal agents
substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of fungi
130
antihistamines
drugs used primarily to treat allergic disorders
131
anti-hypertensives
drugs used t treat hypertension (high BP)
132
anti-ulcer agents
agents used to treat peptic ulcers, both gastric and duodenal, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
133
antiviral agents
substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of viruses
134
bronchodilators
drugs used in the treatment of asthma and COPD
135
coagulants
drugs used to control hemorrhage or to speed up coagulation
136
corticosteroids
drugs used to reduce the symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory disorders or for short-term treatment of acute inflammatory conditions
137
diuretics
drugs that increase the amount of urine excreted by the kidneys, thus removing sodium and water from the body.
138
hormones
drugs that affect the endocrine system
139
laxatives
drugs that act to promote the passage and elimination of feces from the large intestine
140
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
drugs commonly used to treat inflammatory conditions, and mild to moderate pain
141
sedatives
drugs used to produce varying degrees of CNS depression
142
stimulants
drugs that increase activity of the CNS
143
thrombolytics
drugs that dissolve thrombi (clots) that have already formed
144
vasoconstrictors
drugs that cause blood vessels to constrict, thus increasing heart action and raising blood pressure
145
vasodilators
drugs that cause blood vessels to dilate. commonly used to treat angina
146
parental
administered by injection or by a route other than the gastrointestinal tract (subcutaneous, IM, IV, drip infusion)
147
topical
the application of a drug directly onto the skin
148
sublingual
drug is placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve
149
oral
drug is taken by mouth and swallowed
150
Six rights of drug administration
Drug
Dose
Pt
Route
Time
Documentation
151
Radiopaque Contrast
Positive. X-ray photons are absorbed by radiopaque contrast media because these media are opaque to x-rays. Appear white on radiographs, and black on fluoroscopy.
152
Adverse reactions to negative contrast media
minimal
153
adverse reactions to positive contrast
constipation - barium absorbs water in the colon (drink plenty of water)
Extravasion (never after abdominal sx)
154
pt. prep for a UGI
npo after midnight the day before the study
155
pt. prep for barium enema
2 days before, drink only clear liquids after noon. 1 day before, clear liquids only. Bowel prep will be done 1 day before. Day of, clear liquids for breakfast, and enema in morning.
156
Order contrast studies should be performed in
Non-contrast
Lower GI
Upper GI
Because of pt. conditions, medications, diabetes
157
2 types of water-soluble iodinated contrast media
Ionic
Nonionic
158
Physical properties of ionic iodine contrast
-Atomic # 53 (radiopaque)
-Dissociate into 2 molecular particles in water or blood plasma
-One particle has neg charge. On particle has pos. charge
-Higher osmolality
159
Contraindications of ionic iodine contrast media
Renal disease
Diabetes
Older
160
Atomic Number
number of protons in the nuclei of different elements
161
BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
blood test to determine levels of urea in the body. High levels indicate compromised kidney function.
162
Bronchospasm
involuntary constriction of the bronchial tubes usually resulting from an immune system reaction to a foreign particle or molecule.
163
Contraindications
factors of a pt. history or present status that indicate that a medical procedure or medication should not be done.
164
Creatinine
nitrogen-containing waste products of metabolism excreted by the kidney's filtration system. High levels indicate poor filtration
165
Extravasion
leakage from a vessel into the tissue
166
Histamine
molecular substance containing an amine group, causes bronchial constriction and a decrease in BP
167
Ion
atom or molecule having negative charge
168
Osmolality
measurement of the number of particles that can crowd out water molecules in a measured mass of water
169
Osmosis
movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
170
pH
relative acidity or basicity of a solution.
below 7 = acidic. Above 7 = Alkaline
171
Radiopharmeceutical
pharmaceutical compound that is attached to a radioisotope
172
shock
inadequate blood flow w/in the body with resulting loss of oxygen and therefore energy
173
solution
uniform mixture of two or more substances composed of molecule-sized particles that do not react together chemically.
174
Suspension
non-uniform mixture of two or more substances. One of which is composed of larger-than-molecule-size particles that have a tendency to cluster together.
175
Radiolucent Contrast (negative)
x-ray photons are easily transmitted through radiolucent contrast media. Will show up black on radiograph and white during fluoro
176
Negative Contrast Media: Physical properties
composed of low-atomic number elements.
administered as gas (air) or gas producing tablets, crystals (fizzies), or soda water.
177
When is negative contrast media used?
During double contrast studies
UGI
Barium enema with air
178
Adverse reactions to negative contrast media
Minimal
179
Positive Contrast Media: Physical Properties
Barium has an atomic number of 56 (radiopaque).
Not soluble (shake it)
180
When is positive contrast media used?
Esophagram
UGI
Small bowel follow through (SBFT)
Barium enema w/ or w/out air
181
Ionic Iodine Contrast: Osmotic Effects
Inject contrast, water from cells move in vascular system. Results in hypovolemia and blood vessel dilation.
182
Ionic Iodine Contrast: Renal Effects
Hish osmolality causes arteries of kidneys to expand = vasoconstrictors constrict renal arteries
183
Non-Ionic Iodine Contrast
Safer
Does not cross blood brain barrier
3x more cost
184
Non-Ionice Iodine contraindications
Pt. history of reaction
Asthma or allergies
Cardiac issues
Renal disease
185
Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast: Allergic Effects
Similar to FB (pollen)
Minor (hives)
Wheezing or Edema in throat and lungs
N/V
186
Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast: Contrast media reaction
70% occur within 5 mins of injection
Mild
Mod
Severe
187
Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast: Mild reaction
n/v
flushed
headache
dizzy
anxety
metallic taste
itchy
pallor
diaphoresis
(Treat: Observe and Assurance)
188
Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast: Moderate reaction
similar to mild but more severe
(tx: some form of rapidly effective therapy)
189
Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast: Severe
life threatening
death rate is less than 0.01%
190
Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast: Treatment
Assurance
Epinephrine
Benadryl
Force Fluids
191
Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast: Contraindications
Glucophage therapy
Renal failure
age
allergies
asthma
copd
