Unit 2 : File System

Question 1

Why database design is important? ( 4 )

Answer 1

1. Define the database’s expected use
2. Define different approaches needed for different types of databases
3. Avoid redundant data
4. Poorly designed database generates errors, which leads to bad decisions and then lead to failure of an organization

Question 2

List out 5 main components for a database system

Answer 2

1. Hardware
2. Software
   
   • DBMS Software
   • Operating System Software
   • Application Programs and Utility Software
3. People
4. Procedures
5. Data

Question 3

What are DBMS function （ 7 ）

Answer 3

1. Data Dictionary Management
2. Data Storage Management
3. Data Transformation and Presentation
4. Security Management
5. Multiuser Access Control
6. Backup and Recovery Management
7. Data Integrity Management

Question 4

What is data redundancy?

Answer 4

1. Data redundancy results in data inconsistency

• Means that diffrent and conflicting versions of the same data appear in different places

Question 5

Why managing data with file systems is obsolete? ( 6 )

Answer 5

1. Time-consuming, as it was a high-level activity
2. As number of files expands, system administration becomes difficult
3. Making changes in current file structure is difficult
4. File structure changes require modifications in all programs that use data in that file
5. Modifications are likely to produce errors, requiring additional time to “debug” the program
6. Security features hard to program and therefore often omitted

Question 6

What is a file system refers to ?

Answer 6

1. Refers to a method for sttoring and managing files on a storage devices without the use of database management system

• Company stores customer name, sales, product in a excel file inside Sales folder, then employee, salaries in employees folder

Question 7

Why learning file system effects how we design our database? ( 3 )

Answer 7

1. Understanding file system characteristics makes database design easier to understand
2. Awareness of problems with file systems helps prevent similar problems in DBMS
3. Knowledge of file systems is helpful if you plan to convert an obsolete file system to a DBMS
   * More on notion

Question 8

How does manual file systems stores it’s data?

Answer 8

1. Kept inside folders

Question 9

How does manual file systems organize their files?

Answer 9

1. Organize based on data’s expected use ( ideally logically related )

Question 10

Manual file system is suitable in what condition? ( 2 )

Answer 10

1. Small Amounts of Data
2. Few Reporting Requirements

Question 11

What are the challenges when changing from file systems to computer system? ( 3 )

Answer 11

1. Could be technically complex, requiring hiring of data processing ( DP ) specialitsts
2. Resulted in numerous “home-grown” systems being created
3. Initially, computer files were similar in design to manual files

• home-grown systems means that it was developed internally be a company’s IT team or DP specialists and with this reason, they often lacked standardization and difficult to integrate with other systems

Question 12

What is data anomalies?

Answer 12

1. Issues or inconsistencies that occur in a database

Question 13

What condition usually creates data anomalies? ( 3 )

Answer 13

1. Poorly designed database
2. Non-normalized database
3. Data Redundancy

Question 14

List out all the types of data anomalies ( 3 )

Answer 14

1. Update Anomalies
   
   • Occur when mading changes to existing records
2. Insertion Anomalies
   
   • Occur when entering new records
3. Deletion Anomalies
   
   • Occur when deleting records

Question 15

What are the structured compared with file system and database?

Answer 15

1. File System
   
   • Many separete and unrelated files
2. Database
   
   • Logically related data stored in a single logical data repository

Question 16

List out 5 main components of a database systems

Answer 16

1. Hardware
2. Software
   
   • OS
   • DBMS System Software
   • Application Programs and Utility Software
3. People
4. Procedures
5. Data

Question 17

What system were developed to address file systems inherent weakness?

Answer 17

1. DBMS ( Database Management System )

Question 18

List out all the DBMS functions ( 9 )

Answer 18

1. Data Dictionary Management
2. Data Storage Management
3. Data Transformation and Presentation
4. Security Management
5. Multiuser Access Control
6. Backup and Recovery Management
7. Data Integrity Management
8. Database Access Languages and Application Programming Interfaces
9. Database Communication Interfaces

Question 19

Which defines data elements and their relationships? ( DBMS Function )

Answer 19

1. Data Distionary Management

Question 20

Which stores data and related data entry forms, report definitions ?
( DBMS Function )

Answer 20

1. Data Storage Management

Question 21

Which translates logical requests into commands into physically locate and retrieve the requested data ? ( DBMS Function )

Answer 21

1. Data Transformation and Presentation

Question 22

Which enforces user security and data privacy within database ? ( DBMS Function )

Answer 22

1. Security Management

Question 23

Which uses sophisticated algorithms to ensure multiple users can access the database concurrently without compromising the integrity of the database ? ( DBMS Function )

Answer 23

1. Multiuser Access Contro

Question 24

Which Provides backup and data recovery procedures ? ( DBMS Function )

Answer 24

1. Backup and Recovery Management

Question 25

Which promotes and enforces integrity rules ? ( DBMS Function )

Answer 25

1. Data Integrity Management

Question 26

Which provide data access through a query language ? ( DBMS Function )

Answer 26

1. Database Access Languages and Application Programming interfaces

Question 27

Which allow database to accept end-user requests via multiple, different network environments ? ( DBMS Function )

Answer 27

1. Database Communication Interfaces