Unit 2 intro into comp systems silde+comp programming

Question 1

What is a Computer

Answer 1

-Programmable machine to handle different tasks at a great speed
-Can be spreadsheets, databases, word processing, games

Question 2

What is a computer program?

Answer 2

-Known as a software
-A list of instructions directing the computer to perform a task

Question 3

What is a hardware?

Answer 3

-Refers to the computer equipment. such as keyboard, mouse, terminal, hard disk, printer

Question 4

What is a software?

Answer 4

-refers to the computer programs
-The programs that run on a computer

Question 5

what is a computer system?

Answer 5

-the combination of a hardware and software

Question 6

What is the CPU

Answer 6

-Is known as the central processing unit
-at the heart of the computer
-The CPU’s job is to fetch instructions, follow instructions, and produce data
-a sequence of instructions stored in the computer’s memory

Question 7

What are the 2 parts of CPU

Answer 7

-Control Unit: which coordinates all of the computer’s operations
-Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): which performs mathematical operations

Question 8

What does the CPU do in order to process program information

Answer 8

-performs the fetch / decode / execute cycle in order to process program information

Question 9

What is fetch

Answer 9

-The CPU’s control unit fetches from the main memory, the next instruction in the sequence of program instructions

Question 10

What is decode

Answer 10

The instruction is encoded in the form of a number. The control unit decodes the instruction and generates an electric signal

Question 11

What is execute?

Answer 11

The signal is routed to the appropriate component of the computer such as the ALU or disk drive. The signal causes the component to perform an operation

Question 12

What is Main memory

Answer 12

-Also known as random-access memory (RAM)
-RAM contains currently running programs and data used by those programs
-RAM is divided into units called bytes

Question 13

What is a byte

Answer 13

-consists of 8 bits that may by either on or off
1=on 0=off
-the bits form a pattern that represents a character or number
-Each byte in memory is assigned a unique number known as an address

Question 14

Why is RAM volatile

Answer 14

When the computer is turned off, the contents of RAM are erased

Question 15

What is Secondary Storage?

Answer 15

-Secondary storage devices are capable of storing information for longer periods of time (non-volatile)
-eg: disk drive, USB drive

Question 16

What are input devices

Answer 16

-Input is any data the computer takes from the outside world
-That data comes from devices known as input devices such as keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, USB

Question 17

What are output devices

Answer 17

-Output is any data the computer sends to the outside world
-that data that is sent out is displayed on devices known as output devices such as monitors and printers

Question 18

What are the two classifications of software

Answer 18

-Operating systems
-Application software

Question 19

What are operating systems

Answer 19

-An operating system is a set of programs that manages the computer’s hardware devices and controls their processes
-operating systems are multitasking so they can run multiple programs at once

Question 20

What is Application Software

Answer 20

-programs that make the computer useful to the user
-it provides a more specialized type of environment for the user to work in
-common software applications can be spreadsheets and word processors

Question 21

what is computer programming

Answer 21

tell the computer how to solve a problem
-a machine doesn’t understand English so programming is solving a problem by giving the computer instructions to implement a solution

Question 22

What is programming language

Answer 22

a way to communicate with the computer
-programming languages have strict rules known as syntax that must be carefully followed

Question 23

What is Machine language

Answer 23

-machines operate by electricity
1=on 0=0ff

Question 24

How do bits and memory work in computers

Answer 24

-a computer is made of millions of tiny switches called transistors
-Each switch is a bit that can stored 0 or 1.
-When you group bits together they can represent numbers and characters
-the more switches the more memory and the more power
-8 bits=1 byte so it can store a single character like A

Question 25

What is binary code

Answer 25

-binary code is the language computers understand -only uses 1 or 0 -instructions (like opening a app or saving a file) are translated into 1 or 0 so the processor can understand them

Question 26

What is high level language

Answer 26

-python, java, C++ -easy for humans to read

Question 27

What is Assembly Language

Answer 27

-Closer to machine code, uses short words and symbols

Question 28

What is machine language

Answer 28

--pure binary -eg: 10110000. only 1s and 0s

Question 29

what is the order of high level language to low level language

Answer 29

highest: -human language (eg. what is the result of adding 1 and 2) -object oriented programming (eg. java) -structured programming languages (eg. C, pascal) -assembly language (MOV AL, 61h) -machine language (01101010101)

Question 30

what is a assembler

Answer 30

The assembler is a special program whose job is to translate assembly language into machine code (binary) - after it is in machine language the CPU excutes it -assembler is the bridge -assembler language is short and symbolic form

Question 31

Structured programming languages

Answer 31

-added extra features to make programming easier -example is 'C'

Question 32

what is object oriented programming

Answer 32

introduced to enhance the organization and maintainability of software programs -instead of writing everything as one big b lock of instructions, OOP lets us break programs into objects