types of drug packaging
single dose - individually packed, wrapped, or bottled for 24 hr period
multi dose - multiple doses packaged for one person
types of drug delivery systems
- unit-dose - pharmacist dispensing a supply of wrapped, labelled individual doses of drugs (enough to last 24 hr)
- automated - computerized system of unit-dose system
- individual perscriptions
types of drug storage
- Medicine room - room with a narcotic cupboard, stock of commonly used drugs, emergency drugs, and an automated system
- Medicine cart - holds meds for several patients, kept in the hallways near patient rooms
define medication administration
process of getting drugs to the needed body tissue or area
factors considered when deciding how to administer a drug
- health issues
- body weight
- route
- form of drug
- desired effect
- how quickly it’s needed
define pharmacokinetics
how the body processes and uses the drug
3 factors to consider with medication administration
- How we give the drug
- How the drug moves through the body
- How well the drug works in a particular area of the body
4 phases of how drugs move through the body
- absorption - movement of drugs across membranes to get to the needed cells
- distribution - how the drug is transported through the body
- metabolism - sum of all chemical reaction in the body
- excretion - how drugs are removed from the body
how does route of administration affect metabolism?
- 90% of drug’s effectiveness is lost during metabolization by liver
- enteral drugs are metabolized by the liver
- parenteral and percutaneous admins bypass the liver
methods of med administration
- percutaneous - through the skin or mucus membranes
- enteral - directly into the GI tract
- parenteral - drugs entering the body by route other than GI tract
percutaneous methods of admin
- topical/transdermal
- inhalation
- otic (mucus membrane of ear)
- ophthalmic (mucus membrane of eye)
- nasal
- sublingual/buccal
- vaginal
enteral methods of admin
- oral
- rectal
- nasogastric
perenteral methods of admin
- Subcutaneous - injection into cutaneous layer of skin
- Intradermal - injection into the dermis layer with a fine needle
- Intramuscular - injection into muscle layer of skin
- Intravenous - injection directly into bloodstream
5 intramuscular sites that can be used
- deltoid
- vastus lateralis (outer thigh)
- rectus femoris (thigh)
- ventrogluteal (hip-glute area)
- dorsal-gluteal (butt)
Buccal (abbr & method)
percutaneous
Intradermal (abbr & method)
parenteral
Intramuscular (abbr & method)
IM
parenteral
Intravenous (abbr & method)
IV
parenteral
Nasogastric (abbr & method)
NG
enteral
Oral (abbr & method)
po
enteral
Rectal (abbr & method)
pr
enteral
Subcutaneous (abbr & method)
subcut
parenteral
Sublingual (abbr & method)
sublingual
percutaneous
Topical (abbr & method)
topical
percutaneous
