Unit 2 Midterm

Question 1

Culture and Life in 1920’s
Urbanization and Modern life

Answer 1

• Rapid growth in cities led to many people moving from rural areas to urban areas
• New technology changed everyone’s lives (electricity, refrigeration, washing machines)
• Skyscrapers and modern transportation symbolized this rapid process

Question 2

Culture and Life in 1920’s
Consumerism

Answer 2

• Stronger economy led to increased spending especially in the United States
• Rise of consumer culture: (bought goods on credit plans)
• Mass production made products much cheaper (Ford Model T)
  Advertising things became a popular way to persuade people to

Question 3

Culture and Life in 1920’s
Jazz Age and Entertainment

Answer 3

• Jazz music became very popular (louis armstrong was a famous trumpet player and singer)
• New forms of entertainment (radio broadcasts, silent films and early hollywood stars gained lots of fame)
• Dance crazes such as Charleston and Swing

Question 4

Culture and life in 1920’s
Changing Roles of Women

Answer 4

• Women gained more independence after World War 1
• In the United States women gained voting rights with the nineteenth amendment to the United States Constitution
• Rise of Flapper (young women challenged traditional norms, short hair, short dresses, more social freedom)
• More women entered workforce

Question 5

Culture and Life in 1920’s
Prohibition and Crime

Answer 5

• Alcohol banned in the United States under the prohibition in the United States
• This led to illegal bars called speakeasies
• Al Capone was a very famous “gangster” and was known as scarface

Question 6

Culture and Life in 1920’s
The Harlem Renaissance

Answer 6

• Cultural movement in New York City
• Celebrated African American art, music, and literature
• Some key figures (langston hughes: american an poet, novelist, and playwright (Zora neale hurston: american author, anthropologist, folklore writer)
• Racial pride was prmoted

Question 7

Culture and life in 1920’s
Mass Media and Communication

Answer 7

• Radio became a major source of news and entertainment
• Newspapers and magazines expanded
• celebrities emerged

Question 8

Culture and life in 1920’s
Social tensions and conflict

Answer 8

• Racial discrimination and violence occurred
• Rise of nativism (anti- immigrant attitude) Ex. sacco and vanzetti trial (legal case in massachusetts involving italian immigrant anarchist. Convincted of robbery and murder)
  -Conflict between traditional values and modern lifestyles

Question 9

Culture and life in 1920’s
End of the Decade

Answer 9

• The decade ended with economic collapse (wall street crash of 1929: major stock market collapse in the United states that began in late october 1929
• led to great depression

Question 10

World War 1- homefront
government control and war economy

Answer 10

• governments shifted economies to war production
• factories produces weapons, ammunition, uniforms, and supplies
• introduces rationing (limits on food such as sugar, meat, and bread)
• controlled prices and wages
• example: in countries like germany and united kingdom, governments heavily regulated industry

Question 11

world war 1-homefront
role of women

Answer 11

• women entered the workforce in large-numbers
• took jobs in factories, transportation, and farms
• replaced men who went to fight
  -known for working in munitions factories
• helped push forward women’s rights movement

Question 12

world war 1- homefront
propaganda and public opinion

Answer 12

• government used propaganda to encourage enlistment, boost morale, and demonize an enemy (postures,films, newspapers spread messages)
• uncle sam is a symbol of the united states government and his appearance consisted of an elderly man with white hair, a goatee, star top hat, blue tailcoat, and red and white striped pants

Question 13

world war 1- homefront propaganda
rationing and shortages

Answer 13

• food and fuel shortages were common
• civilians has to conserve resources
• victory gardens were encouraged
• severe shortages in germany led to starvation and unrest

Question 14

world war 1- homefront
total war concept

Answer 14

• WW1 was a total war (entire society was involved, all resources were directed towards winning)
• civilians became targets

Question 15

world war 1-homefront
civil liberties and restrictions

Answer 15

-government limited freedom through censorhip of newspapers because of punishment for criticizing the war
- example: espionage act of 1917 (federal law enacted shortly after the country entered world war 1. it criminalized obtaining or sharing national defense information

Question 16

world war 1- homefront
social tensions

Answer 16

• strikes and protests due to low wages, long working hours, and food shortages
  -some countries faced near revolution such as Russia

Question 17

world war 1- homefront
agriculture and production

Answer 17

• farmers increased food production
• governments encouraged efficieny
• shortage of labor was common so women and prisoners took jobs

Question 18

world war 1- homefront
impact on civilians

Answer 18

• daily life became harder (inflation, loss of family members, psychological stress)

Question 19

great depression and its effects
social class and inequality

Answer 19

• wealthy people lost money in stocks and investments
  -many remained financially stable due to savings and property ownership
• some lifestyles changed but they were least affected overall

Question 20

great depression and its effects
middle class

Answer 20

-hit hard by job losses, bank failures
- many lost home, savings
- even white collar workers such as teachers and office workers struggled
- fear of failing into poverty increased

Question 21

great depression and its effects
working class

Answer 21

• suffered the most widespread unemployment
• factory workers and laborers lost jobs quickly
• many relied on soup kitchens and bread lines
• homeless communities called hoovervilles grew quickly (named after herbert hoover)

Question 22

great depression and its effects social
farmers (often lower class)

Answer 22

-faced failing crop prices and debt
- environmental disaster worsened situation
- dust bowl: years of overproduction combined with its effects of drought caused the grass to die (with just topsoil exposed high winds picked up loose dirt and whirled it for miles, top soul was blown all the way to boston)

Question 23

great depression and its effects
daily life by class

Answer 23

• lower class (extreme poverty and hunger, families struggled to survive, children sometimes left school to work)
• middle class (lifestyle decline, took lower paying jobs or multiple jobs, tried to maintain respectability despite hardship)
• upper class (reduced luxury spending, still maintained relatively comfortable lives)

Question 24

great depression and its effects
social effectz

Answer 24

• up to 25% unemployment in the US
• deepened class divisions

Question 25

great depression and its effects charity and relief

Answer 25

- churches and charities helped but weren't enough - government relief expanded later

Question 26

great depression and its effects class tensions

Answer 26

- gap between rich and poor became more visible - anger toward bank, businesses, and government

Question 27

great depression and its effects government response

Answer 27

- the new deal (introduced franklin d. roosevelt, programs to create jobs, provide relief, and reform banks) - helped stabilize the middle and lower classes

Question 28

new deal and the tole of the federal government role of the federal government

Answer 28

- the new deal greatly expanded the power of the federal government to - before (government played a limited role in the economy, focused mostly on business support and minimal regulation) - after (government became actively involved in economic and social life, took responsibility for citizens well being)

Question 29

new deal and the tole of the federal government relief, recovery, reform

Answer 29

- relief (direct aid to struggling americans, created jobs and provided food/shelter) - example: federal emergency relief programs and public job creation - recovery (aimed to restart the economy, supported businesses and agriculture) -example: industrial and farm programs and effort to raise prices and wages) -reform (focused on long term fixes, increased regulation of banks and stock market) - example: protection against bank failures and risky investments

Question 30

new deal and the tole of the federal government expansion of federal power

Answer 30

- job creation programs (government directly hired workers for public projects, built roads, bridges, parks, and dams, showed government as a major employer) - banking and financial regulation (restored trust in banks, government monitored financial systems, prevented another crash like 1929) - social welfare programs (government took responsibility for citizens basic needs) - example: social security act (law establishing a federal system of social insurance) - support for farmers (paid farmers to reduce production, helped stabilize crop prices, government directly influenced agriculture)

Question 31

new deal and the tole of the federal government criticism of the new deal

Answer 31

- too much government (critics said it gave to much power to the federal government, some feared it threatened individual freedom) - not enough help (others argued it didn't go far enough to end the depression)