Unit 2 Test

Question 1

3 Parts of Cell Theory

Answer 1

All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
All cells come from other cells

Question 2

Eukaryotes are what things

Answer 2

plants, animals, protists, and fungi

Question 3

Prokaryotes are

Answer 3

bacteria

Question 4

ALL CELLS HAVE

Answer 4

Cytoplasm
Ribosomes- make proteins (not considered an organelle)
Cell membrane
Genetic Material (DNA or RNA)

Question 5

All Prokaryotic Cells are

Answer 5

unicellular organism

Question 6

No nucleus OR membrane-bound organelles are

Answer 6

Prokaryotic

Question 7

Prokaryotic Cells Reproduces by

Answer 7

binary fission

Question 8

Eukaryotic Cells Have a nucleus with linear

Answer 8

DNA and nucleolus

Question 9

Plant and fungi cells have

Answer 9

cell wall

Question 10

Eukaryotic Cells Have ________ _______ organelles

Answer 10

membrane-bound

Question 11

Eukaryotic Cells Reproduce using

Answer 11

mitosis

Question 12

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotic
NO nucleus

Answer 12

Prokaryotes

Question 13

prokaryotes or Eukaryotic
NO membrane- bound organelles

Answer 13

Prokaryotes

Question 14

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotic
Smaller in size (1-10 micrometers)

Answer 14

Prokaryotes

Question 15

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotic
Circular DNA (plasmids)

Answer 15

Prokaryotes

Question 16

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotic
Unicellular ONLY

Answer 16

Prokaryotes

Question 17

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotic
Reproduce via binary fission (“b” for “bacteria”)

Answer 17

Prokaryotes

Question 18

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotic
Cell walls made of peptidoglycan

Answer 18

Prokaryotes

Question 19

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotic
YES nucleus

Answer 19

Eukaryotic

Question 20

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotic
YES membrane- bound organelles

Answer 20

Eukaryotic

Question 21

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotic
Linear DNA

Answer 21

Eukaryotic

Question 22

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotic
Unicellular (some protists & fungi) OR multicellular

Answer 22

Eukaryotic

Question 23

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotic
Reproduce via mitosis

Answer 23

Eukaryotic

Question 24

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotic
Cell walls made of cellulose (plants only) or chitin (fungi only)

Answer 24

Eukaryotic

Question 25

what are the three main jobs of cells

Answer 25

Make energy: need energy for all activities Make proteins: do all the work in cells Make more cells: growth and replacement

Question 26

Eukaryotic Cell Comparison No cell wall

Answer 26

Animal Cells

Question 27

Eukaryotic Cell Comparison Irregular shape, less rigid

Answer 27

Animal Cells

Question 28

Eukaryotic Cell Comparison Many small vacuoles

Answer 28

Animal Cells

Question 29

Eukaryotic Cell Comparison Many small vacuoles Specialized organelles: lysosomes (digestion & “cleaning”) and centrioles (reproduction)

Answer 29

Animal Cells

Question 30

Eukaryotic Cell Comparison Have cell walls made of cellulose

Answer 30

Plant Cells

Question 31

Cell wall causes fixed shape

Answer 31

Plant Cells

Question 32

Specialized organelle: chloroplasts (give green color- convert sunlight to food for the cell)

Answer 32

Plant Cells

Question 33

ONE LARGE central vacuole (storing water, food, waste, etc.)

Answer 33

Plant Cells

Question 34

Plants and Fungi ONLY Provides structure and support Found OUTSIDE the membrane Layers of complex carbohydrates NOT PRESENT IN ANIMALS

Answer 34

cell wall

Question 35

Cellulose in plants*** Chitin in fungi***

Answer 35

cell wall

Question 36

Eukaryotic Cells: Vacuoles One LARGE central vacuole Holds water & helps prevent __________ in __________ environments Helps give shape to cells

Answer 36

hypotonic bursting

Question 37

Eukaryotic Cells: Vacuoles Lots of small vacuoles May store _________ May help with movement in protists (contractile vacuoles also ________ excess water in hypotonic environments)

Answer 37

nutrients push out

Question 38

pores in the cell wall that interconnect plant cells

Answer 38

Plasmodesmata

Question 39

Allows for cytoplasmic exchange, transport of substances and cell-to-cell communication

Answer 39

Plasmodesmata

Question 40

Have some BUT NOT ALL characteristics life

Answer 40

Viruses

Question 41

All viruses have: A ________ Nucleic Acid Genome-made of _______ - layer of membrane

Answer 41

capsid DNA or RNA Envelope

Question 42

Viruses “reproduce”

Answer 42

hijacking a cell’s machinery

Question 43

Robert Hooke saw

Answer 43

thousands of tiny chambers which he called “cells”

Question 44

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek saw

Answer 44

First to observe microorganisms

Question 45

Matthias Schleiden Proposed that

Answer 45

all plants are made of cells

Question 46

Theodor Schwann proposed that

Answer 46

proposed that all animals are made of cells

Question 47

Rudolf Virchow: proposed that

Answer 47

all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 48

cytoskeleton is a

Answer 48

thread like fiber that holds the structure of the cell

Question 49

ribosomes are made of

Answer 49

proteins read the dna

Question 50

rough ER

Answer 50

makes and modifes proteins and sends the to the gogli

Question 51

smooth ER makes

Answer 51

phospholpipds and steroids

Question 52

golgi apparatus

Answer 52

ships proteins around the cell

Question 53

lysosomes

Answer 53

breakers down dead things in the cell

Question 54

centrioles

Answer 54

appearing burning cell division

Question 55

active transport

Answer 55

Active transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient

Question 56

cellulose

Answer 56

Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate (polysaccharide) and an essential structural component in plant cell walls.

Question 57

placcid

Answer 57

plants lost water by osmosis, and the cell membrane pulls slightly away from the cell wall

Question 58

intermediate filaments

Answer 58

Intermediate filaments is a component of the cytoskeleton

Question 59

lysosomes

Answer 59

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found mainly in animal cells. They act like the cell’s waste disposal system.

Question 60

microfilaments

Answer 60

thin, thread-like protein fibers They’re the thinnest part of the cytoskeleton

Question 61

nuclear pores

Answer 61

They’re tiny holes in the nuclear envelope made of a complex of proteins that controls what enters and exits the nucleus.

Question 62

petidoglycan

Answer 62

Peptidoglycan is a strong, mesh-like molecule that forms the cell wall of most bacteria. It gives the cell shape and prevents it from bursting due to water pressure

Question 63

osmosis

Answer 63

Movement of water from high to low concentration across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 64

What does “turgid” mean in plant cells?

Answer 64

The cell is full of water and swollen, pressing the cell membrane firmly against the cell wall, making the cell firm and rigid.