UNIT 2: Week 3 Content

Question 1

What are some peripheral concequences following injury

Answer 1

-afferent (sensory)
-efferent (motor)

Question 2

Afferent consequences

Answer 2

-input can be altered
-mechanoreceptors in skin, ligaments, muscles, tendons

Question 3

Efferent consequences

Answer 3

-output can be altered
-muscle inhibition

Question 4

What are the categories involved in neuromotor exercise

Answer 4

-agility
-activation
-balance
-coordination
-proprioception

Question 5

What is activation

Answer 5

-the ability to voluntarily contract a skeletal muscle in isolation

Question 6

What is a clinical indication for decreased activation

Answer 6

-arthrogenic muscle inhibition

Question 7

What is arthrogenic muscle inhibition

Answer 7

-following injury clients may be unable to voluntarily contract an otherwise healthy muscle

Question 8

How to complete an activation assessment

Answer 8

-ask client to contract the muscle
-observe for isolated muscle contraction and signs of associated function
-palpate muscle to determine degree and duration of voluntary contraction before fatigue

Question 9

What is agility

Answer 9

-the ability to change direction to achieve a specific goal

Question 10

How to assess agility

Answer 10

-modified agility T test

Question 11

What is balance

Answer 11

-refers to the complex motor control process that integrates relevant sensory information to execute appropriate motor actions to control body positions

Question 12

When is balance maintained

Answer 12

-when the center of gravity is within the base of support

Question 13

What sensory information is integrated in balance

Answer 13

-visual
-proprioceptive
-vestibular

Question 14

How to assess static balance

Answer 14

-BESS

Question 15

How to assess dynamic balance

Answer 15

-Y balance test

Question 16

What is coordination

Answer 16

-the ability to execute accurate, smooth, controlled movement patterns

Question 17

How can coordination be assessed

Answer 17

-observation of the quality of a single leg squat (knee vs hip dominant, dynamic knee valgus etc)

Question 18

What is proprioception

Answer 18

-the ability to sense limb movement and positioning in space

Question 19

How can proprioception be assessed

Answer 19

-may be measured through joint position sense (ability to reproduce a joint position)

Question 20

What are the goals of neuromotor exercise

Answer 20

-resolve neuromotor impairments
-reduce injury recurrence risk

Question 21

What are the treatment principles of prescribing neuromotor exercise

Answer 21

-frequent practice
-meaningful practice
-vary sensory input
-attentional focus
-implicit learning
-autonomy

Question 22

What is the importance of frequent practice

Answer 22

-most effective way to build a skill is repetition

Question 23

What is the importance of meaningful practice

Answer 23

-important and challenging for the client
-simulate the clients function/goal

Question 24

What is the importance of varying sensory input

Answer 24

-challenge sensory systems

Question 25

How to vary sensory input

Answer 25

-stand on foam -close eyes -etc

Question 26

What is an important sensory input to provide the client with

Answer 26

-cueing

Question 27

What are the different types of cueing

Answer 27

-auditory -imagery -proprioceptive -visual

Question 28

What are the 2 different types of attentional focus

Answer 28

-internal -external

Question 29

Example of internal attentional focus

Answer 29

-keep your knee over your foot

Question 30

Example of external attentional focus

Answer 30

-reach toward the cone with your knee

Question 31

What type of attentional focus do we want to promote

Answer 31

-internal attentional focus

Question 32

What does internal attentional focus promote

Answer 32

-more conscious type of control

Question 33

What is the importance of implicit learning

Answer 33

-consider minimizing instructions to reduce clients reliance of working memory

Question 34

Example of implicit learning minimization of instructions

Answer 34

-tell them to quietly land -as opposed to bend your hips, knees and ankles more

Question 35

What is the importance of autonomy

Answer 35

-self controlled learning is a powerful tool in increasing client participation

Question 36

What is the overall frequency and time for neuromotor exercise

Answer 36

-2-3 days per week -20-30 min per day

Question 37

What is the FITVP for activation

Answer 37

-F: 3 or more times a day -I: % MVC -T: isolated isometric contraction in inner range -V: 5-10 sec x 5-10 reps -P: , increase volume, increase ROM/function

Question 38

What is the FITVP for balance/proprioception

Answer 38

-F: 3-5 times a week -I: effortful to maintain balance -T: single leg balance, even surface, eyes open -V: 3-5 sets x 30-60 sec -P: increase volume and intensity

Question 39

What is the FITVP for agility/coordination

Answer 39

-F: 2-3 times a week -I: optimal movement quality -T: acc/dec, side steps, crossovers etc -V: 3 sets x 3-5 reps or 15-30 m -P: increase volume and intensity

Question 40

What is the FITVP for coordination/power

Answer 40

-F: 2-3 times a week -I: optimal movement quality -T: double leg jumping -V: 3 sets x 3-5 reps -P: increase volume and intensity

Question 41

What may be true about central consequence following peripheral injuries

Answer 41

-bilateral deficits may arise -therefore it is important to continue with multi-joint, bilateral training

Question 42

What may be true about cognitive impairments with injury

Answer 42

-may contribute to re-injury through impairments in motor behaviours, proprioception and obstacle identification

Question 43

How could we reduce cognitive impairments

Answer 43

-progressive integration of cognitive loads during rehabilitation

Question 44

What are ways that we can introduce cognitive loads during rehab

Answer 44

-dual tasks -reactive tasks -anticipatory tasks