Training vs. Education
Training → A process of learning characterized by the acquisition of specific information or skills
Education → Process of acquiring general knowledge and information that usually results in the broadening of the responses individuals are likely to make
3 Phases of Training
- Assessment Phase → Includes assessing the training needs and resources, identifying training and objectives, and developing criteria
- Training and Development Phase → Involves pretest for trainees, selection of training methods and learning principles, and the training itself
- Evaluation Phase → Training is monitored and training outcomes are compared against criteria in order to provide feedback
Transfer of Training
The process of acquiring new knowledge or skills in a training environment and then transferring the same knowledge and skills to an actual job situation
Possible Transfer-of-Training situations
- Positive transfer of training → Training activities enhance performance in the new situation
- Negative Transfer of Training → The training activities inhibit performance in the new situation
- No observable Effect of training
Job-Instruction Training (JIT)
Requires a careful analysis of the job, an assessment of what the trainee knows, and a training schedule.
Apprenticeships
The process of having a new worker work alongside and under the direction of a skilled technician. (i.e. Skill Trades)
Internships and Assistantships
Much like apprenticeships but typically refer to occupations that require a higher level of formal eduction than that required by the skilled trades.
Cooperative Education
A learning experience that combines both work and education
Returnships
Return-to-work programs that assist individuals who have been out of the workforce for a period of time return.
Job Rotation and Cross Training
Learning techniques that are usually reserved for managerial and technical occupations.
Cross Training
Involves giving trainees a series of job assignments in various parts of the organization for a specific period of time.
Freeze Framing
A training technique used with role playing where the action is stopped and alternative actions are explored.
Experiential Group Exercises
Activities that involve a group of individuals in making decisions and solving problems.
Outdoor Experiential Training (OET)
Management training courses that occur outside, such as wilderness experiences and ropes courses.
Programmed Instruction
A training technique that arranges the training material in small sequential steps.
On-the-Job Techniques (Advantages)
- No special space or equipment is usually required
- Practical since employees produce and earn while they learn
- Provides an immediate transfer of training
- Allows employees to practice what they are expected to do after training ends
- Allows trainees to associate with their future coworkers and to observe and model the behavior of these coworkers.
