where is both arterial and venous drainage in the head
- the maxillary artery or vein
what are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve
- V1: ophthalmic
- V2: maxillary
- V3: mandibular
which of the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve is the only one to have both sensory and motor abilities
- mandibular nerve (V3)
what muscles does the mandibular nerve innervate
- the muscles of mastication:
- masseter
- lateral pterygoid
- temporalis
- medial pterygoid
- also, interior digastric and mylohyoid
what does the ophthalmic nerve exit from and what does it innervate
- exit: superior orbital fissure
- innervates: eye
what does the maxillary nerve exit from
- exit: foramen rotundum
after exiting the cranium, where does the maxillary cross and what 3 branches become of this
- crosses the pterygopalatine fossa, and branches into
1. zygomatic nerve
2. PSA nerve
3. pterygopalatine nerves
where does the maxillary nerve re-enter through
- the inferior orbital fissure occupying the infraorbital groove where it becomes the infraorbital nerve, then moves on infraorbital canal
what 2 branches does the maxillary nerve break off into in the infraorbital canal
- MSA nerve
- ASA nerve
- innervates all mx teeth, bone, periodontal structures
what are dental plexuses
- networks of nerves crossing over each other
how are individual teeth innervated
- from the terminal branches of larger nerves (called infiltration)
what 4 areas do the pterygopalatine nerves supply
- orbit
- nose (nasopalatine nerve - branch)
- palate (greater palatine nerve - branch)
- pharynx
where does the nasopalatine nerve travel and what does it innervate
- passes across the roof of the nasal cavity downwards and forwards in mucous membranes and nasal septum
- continues downward and enters the incisive canal, passes into oral cavity through the incisive foramen
- innervates the entire premaxilla (3-3)
where does the greater palatine nerve travel and what does it innervate
- descends through the pterygopalatine canal and emerges on the hard palate through the greater palatine foramen
- innervates palatal soft tissue and bone distal to canine and extending to the midline and the soft palatine
where does the mandibular nerve exit the cranium
- foramen ovale
what are the motor and sensory functions of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve
- motor: muscles of mastication
- sensory: mucous membranes of cheek and buccal mucous membranes of mandibular molars
where does the long buccal nerve travel
- crosses in front of the anterior border of ramus at the occlusal plane of mandibular 3rd or 2nd molar level, enters cheek through the buccinator muscle
what does the long buccal nerve innervate
- buccal gingiva of the mandibular molars and the mucobuccal fold
- important in dental therapy requiring soft tissue manipulation (ie scaling)
what is the function of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve
- mainly sensory (some motor)
what is the function of the lingual nerve
- anterior and medial to IAN
- more superficial than IAN
- provides sensation and taste to tongue and mucous membranes of floor of the mouth and lingual gingiva
what is the function of the inferior alveolar nerve
- largest branch of V3
- enters mandibular canal are mandibular foramen
- accompanied by IA artery and vein
what 3 divisions does the inferior alveolar nerve divide into at the mental foramen
- dental plexus
- incisive nerve
- mental nerve
what does the IAN anesthetize
- pulp of the mandibular teeth to midline (quadrant), buccal gingiva of premolars and incisors to midline
what 3 injections could we give to anesthetize an entire mandibular quadrant
- IAN + Li + LB
