Genetic Diversity
A measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population
Species diversity
The number of species in a region or in a particular ecosystem
Habitat Diversity
The variation/variety of habitats that exist in a given ecosytem
Ecosystem Diversity
The Variety of ecosystems that exist in a given region
Population Bottleneck
When a large population declines in number, the amount of genetic diversity is carried by the surviving individuals is greatly reduced
Species Richness
The number of different species in a given area
Species evenness
The relative proportion of individuals within a different species in a given area
What are current challenges to estimate the number of living species on Earth?
- Active during night hours
- Found in inaccessible areas
- Too small to be found with the naked eye
-Range and numbers are too great to quantify
Ecosystem Services
The process by which life-supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries, and agricultural crops are produced
What are the 4 ecological services?
Provisional, regulating, supporting, and cultural
Provisional
Are considered goods humans can use directly
EX: Furs, trees, natural pharmaceuticals
Regulating
Services that maintain environmental conditions
EX: Removal of carbon dioxide by plants, flood controls, temperate control in forested areas
Supporting
Services that would be costly for humans to generate
EX: Pollination, pathogen removal/filtrate
Cultural
Services that provide intrinsic/aestetic benefits for certain groups of people
Ex: Natural bueaty draws visitors or religious groups, septic economic value can be attached to ecosytem services
Human activities
Food production, fish/shelfuish production, water availability, pollination services
/Island Biogeography
The study of how species are distributed and interacting on islands?
Larger Islands= more species b/c of resource availability
Islands closer to mainland = Morespeices diversity
Species area curve
A description of how the number of species on an island increase with the area of the island
Why is it that species that evolve on islands tend to be specialists
- Some species may lack predatation
- Food sources may be specialized to the island
- Adaptions can occur rapidly
What are thginbgs you need to know about Island Biography
- Need of producers will affect ecological efficency
- Distance to mainland tends to be a major affect due to coloinazation frequency and ease
- Islands of similar size, but closer to proximity to mainland will have higher species diversity
- Smaller islands can’t support large numbers of predators, so producers wont last
What is limited resources and why does it happen
- Colonization slows, extinsction rises
B/c of larger population in species
Ecological Tolerance
The suite of a optic conditions under which a species survive, grow, and reproduce (Fundamental niche)
Fundamental Niche
Entire way of life for particular organism
Realized niche
The range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives
Geographic Range
Areas of the world in which a species lives
- Bitoic and Abotic conditions affect t this
- Habitats have changed and species have been forced to adapt
