What type of bond links the sugars of two nucleotides in a polynucleotide?
Phosphodiester linkage
In what direction are new polynucleotide chains synthesized?
5’ to 3
The two strands that form a DNA double helix interact with each other through specific __________ between complementary nitrogenous bases and nonspecific __________ between stacked bases.
hydrogen bonds; Van der Waals interactions
What is the primary structural difference between the sugars in DNA and RNA?
RNA has an additional oxygen atom on the 2’ carbon.
The sequence of the template DNA strand is 5’-AAGCTT-3’. What is the sequence of the newly synthesized DNA strand?
3’-AAGCTT-5’
The sequence of the template DNA strand is 3’-GGTCAA-5’. What is the sequence of the newly synthesized strand?
5’-CCAGTT-3’
What effect does the antiparallel arrangement of DNA strands have on DNA replication?
It means that the leading strand is synthesized continuously and the lagging strand is synthesized in Okazaki fragments.
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer during DNA replication?
Primase
While elongating a new strand of DNA, the DNA polymerase moves along the template strand in the _________ direction while synthesizing the new strand of DNA in the _________ direction.
3’ to 5’; 5’ to 3’
Telomeres are __________.
repeating, noncoding sequences at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes
The unwinding of DNA at the replication fork causes twisting and strain in the DNA strand ahead of the fork. This strain is relieved by an enzyme called __________.
topoisomerase
Which enzyme is responsible for cutting out damaged DNA during nucleotide excision repair?
Nuclease
