What year were the Lateran Pacts signed?
The Lateran Treaty were signed in 1929 (11 February) Vatican City as an independent state and made Catholicism Italy’s official religion. Gained Mussolini support of catholics
What was the OND?
OND (Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro) was a Fascist leisure organisation set up in 1925. Its aim was to control workers’ free time and increase support for the regime. Little propaganda was pushed so was unsuccessful in its objectives
What marshes were drained outside Rome?
Pontine marshes, fulfilling quest set out by romans. Farmland and Marlaria drained 180 miles of marsh. Used as propaganda
What was the Corporate state?
economic system in Fascist Italy,
Instead of independent trade unions and employers negotiating separately, workers and employers were organized into state-controlled corporations (by industry). Called the third way, capitalism and socialism conjoined
Prevent class conflict
End strikes and lockouts
Place the economy under government control
Promote cooperation between workers and employers (in theory)
In reality, it strengthened state control and weakened workers’ rights.
What was the Libro Unico?
The Libro Unico (Single Textbook Law) was introduced in 1928. All primary schools must have. ‘New fascist man’ ideology
Spread Fascist propaganda
Ensure children were taught Fascist ideology
Promote loyalty to Mussolini
What was autarky?
Economic self sufficiency, less reliant on imports.
Prepare Italy for war
Reduce dependence on foreign countries
Strengthen national power
What was the aim of the Battle for Grain?
Introduced 1925, aims…
Increase wheat production
Reduce reliance on imported grain
Make Italy more self-sufficient in food, cut imports by 75%
It increased wheat production but harmed other agricultural sectors like olives and grapes, used fertiliser, slaughtered animals.
What was the aim of the Battle for Births?
Introduced 1927, aims…
Increase Italy’s population
Reach 60 million people by 1950
Create cheap workforce and military power
The government gave incentives for large families and taxed bachelors. Banned contraception
It largely failed to significantly raise birth rates.
What was Quota 90?
(introduced in 1926) was a policy to strengthen the Italian currency, the lira. 90 lire to £1 sterling.
Show economic strength
Increase national prestige
Strengthen Italy internationally
However, it hurt exports and caused unemployment.
What year were the Anti-Semitic decrees introduced?
1938, Racial laws
Banned Jews from certain jobs
Excluded Jewish children from state schools
Restricted property ownership
Removed Jews from public life
These laws were influenced by Mussolini’s alliance with Adolf Hitler and Nazi Party Germany
