Unit 3 Bones

Question 1

what is the 3 components of the skeleton system?

Answer 1

1. Bones
2. Cartilages
3. Joints

Question 2

what type of tissue is cartilage?

Answer 2

connective tissue that is extensive ECM

Question 3

what is the cartilage mostly made up of and the percentage?

Answer 3

water; 60- 80%

Question 4

what are the cells in cartilage called and what do they produce

Answer 4

chondrocytes & they produce collagen protein

Question 5

what is the space that surrounds chondrocytes ?

Answer 5

the lacuna

Question 6

why does cartilage have no nerves or blood vessels

Answer 6

due to deficiency of oxygen and a slow metabolic rate

Question 7

what is the 3 type of cartilage?

Answer 7

1. Hyaline
2. elastic
3. fibrocartilage

Question 8

what is hyaline cartilage?

Answer 8

it is flexible and resilient

Question 9

where are the 3 places hyaline cartilage can be found ?

Answer 9

1. articular cartilage
2. costal cartilage
3. Respiratory cartilage

Question 10

what is elastic cartilage and what is made here?

Answer 10

it is highly bendable and where elastin is made

Question 11

where is the 2 places elastic cartilage found ?

Answer 11

epiglottis & outer ear

Question 12

what does fibrocartilage do?

Answer 12

it resist compression & tension

Question 13

what 2 places is the fibrocartilage located in ?

Answer 13

knee menisci and the of intervertebral discs

Question 14

what are the 4 key functions of bones?

Answer 14

1. Support & Protection
2. movement
3. Hematopoiesis; production of blood cells
4. Storage of Mineral and Energy Reserves

Question 15

what is bone tissue ?

Answer 15

connective tissue with ECM that has both a organic for strength and inorganic component for hardness

Question 16

what is the function of bone tissue?

Answer 16

the ability to remodel continuously

Question 17

what are osteogenic cells , osteoblast, osteocytes & osteoclasts

Answer 17

osteogenic cells - stem cells
osteoblasts - organic material
osteocytes- surrounded by matrix
osteoclasts - breakdown

Question 18

what are the 4 key types of tissues on bone organs ?

Answer 18

1. Nervous tissue
2. Blood tissue
3. cartilage -articular (hyline)
4. epithelial- lining blood vessels

Question 19

what are the 4 types of bone shapes

Answer 19

Flat bones
Irregular bones
Long bones
Short bones

Question 20

what are flat bones and example

Answer 20

thin and they may curve slightly and frontal bone

Question 21

what are long bones , what is shaft and ends called and what divdes them and example

Answer 21

shaft plus 2 ends
shaft; diaphysis
2 ends proximal and distal epiphysis
epiphyseal line divides them
femur example

Question 22

what are short bones and examples

Answer 22

cubes shaped , sesamoid and patella bone

Question 23

what are the two types of bone marrow ?

Answer 23

Red & Yellow bone marrow

Question 24

what is red bone marrow ?

Answer 24

it is the metabolically active site of blood cell generation

Question 25

what happens to red bone marrow with age ?

Answer 25

at birth all bone marrow is red but it gradually becomes yellow bone marrow with age between 8 & 18

Question 26

what are the 4 places red marrow can be located

Answer 26

1. spongy bone of axial skeleton 2. pelvic girdles 3. proximal epiphysis of humerus 4. femur

Question 27

what is yellow bone marrow?

Answer 27

bone with fat(adipocyte) that is dormant

Question 28

what 2 things do short, irregular bones, flat bones have in common?

Answer 28

Compact bone externally spongy bone internally

Question 29

what are the 2 parts the skeleton is divided up into and what does it consists of ?

Answer 29

axial skeleton- central body, skull , vertebral column & thoracic cage appendicular skeleton- upper and lower limbs , pectoral girdle and pelvic girdles

Question 30

what are the two major parts that form the skull and what function

Answer 30

cranial bones - protects brain facial bones - sense organs, food, face muscle

Question 31

what 2 parts are the cranial bone (cranium) divided into and which one is inferior and superior

Answer 31

the "calvaria" aka skullcap which is the cranial vault is superior the "base" which is the floor of skull which forms the inferior

Question 32

what is a fossa and what are the 3 types ?

Answer 32

a fossa is a depression where things sit anterior, middle, posterior

Question 33

what are cavities ?

Answer 33

is it a place where we dont have bones

Question 34

what 5 types of cavities ?

Answer 34

1.Middle & Inner ear cavities 2. Nasal Cavity 3. Orbits 4. Air-filled sinuses -around the nose 5. Oral Cavity

Question 35

how many opening does the skull have ?

Answer 35

about 85 openings

Question 36

what are the 3 types of openings in the skul

Answer 36

foramina- big hole canals - tube passageways fissures- small opening between 2 bones

Question 37

how many cranial bones are there ?

Answer 37

8 cranial bones

Question 38

what are 2 cranial bones paired bones ?

Answer 38

temporal bones parietal bones

Question 39

what are the 4 unpaired bones?

Answer 39

frontal bones occipital bones sphenoid bone ethmoid bone

Question 40

what are the two types of bone material in bones

Answer 40

compact and spongy

Question 41

what is compact bone ?

Answer 41

it surrounds spongy bone and it consists may blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves

Question 42

where can compact bone be found and what is the structural unit ?

Answer 42

the structural unit is the osteon and it is found in all bones in the external layer & bulk diaphysis

Question 43

what is spongy bone

Answer 43

aka trabecular bone that have a network of little beams bone marrow will be found here as spongy bone is more metabolically active

Question 44

what is the biggest difference between spongy bone and compact bone ?

Answer 44

spongy bone is not in all bones it is found in short,flat and irregular bones and the bulk of the epiphysis

Question 45

what are sutures ?

Answer 45

they are joints between the parietal bones with other cranial bones

Question 46

what are the 4 types of sutures

Answer 46

1. Coronal 2. Squamous 3. Sagittal 4. Lambdoid