Unit 3: Roots (B)

Question 1

parts of the root

Answer 1

root hair
root cap
root tip
meristematic region
region of elongation
region of differentiation
xylem
phloem
stele
pericycle
cortex

Question 2

• a hair-forming cell on the epidermis of a plant root
• found only in the region of maturation of the root

Answer 2

root hair

Question 3

protects the roots from mechanical abration

Answer 3

root cap

Question 4

• aka as apical meristem
• contains ______ which functions for protection

Answer 4

ROOT TIP

mucigel

Question 5

region where there is high reproduction of cells or mitosis occurs

Answer 5

meristematic region

Question 6

region where cells grow “longer”

Answer 6

region of elongation

Question 7

region where cells have their specific functions and continue to grow

Answer 7

region of differentiation

Question 8

contains xylem vessels, large cells and tubes for conducting water upwards

Answer 8

xylem

Question 9

contains sieve tube members and companion cells for conducting food upwards and downwards

Answer 9

phloem

Question 10

the central part of the root or stem containing the vascular tissues and pith

Answer 10

stele

Question 11

region where branch and lateral roots grow

Answer 11

pericycle

Question 12

made of parenchyma

Answer 12

cortex

Question 13

• inner layer of the cortex that contain ___________ which prevents water from passing between endodermal cells to enable the endodermis to regulate the uptake of water and minerals into the xylem.

Answer 13

ENDODERMIS

casparian strips

Question 14

the outermost layer of cells of the root that protects the inner tissues

Answer 14

epidermis

Question 15

Function of Roots

1. Anchorage
   Two Mechanisms or Pathways:
   a. __________: set of interconnected porous cell walls which function for conduction of water
   b. __________: involves an interconnected cytoplasm for the conduction of water and minerals
2. Absorption of oxygen, water and dissolved nutrients from the soil
3. Storage
4. Roots also provide home or host sites for bacteria and fungi which can assist in the breakdown and assimilation of nutrients from the soil.

For example, nitrogen fixing bacteria which are found in the root nodules of most legumes.

5. Helps in asexual reproduction especially during unfavourable conditions.

Answer 15

1. anchorage

a. Apoplastic pathway
b. Symplastic pathway

Question 16

SPECIALIZED ROOTS

Answer 16

1. Aerating roots
2. Aerial roots
3. Contractile roots
4. Haustorial roots
5. Nodule
6. Mycorrhyza
7. Propagative or reporoductive roots
8. Prop roots
9. Storage or fleshy roots

Question 17

• or knee root or knee or pneumatophores or Cypress knee
• roots rising above the ground, especially above water such as in some mangrove genera

Answer 17

aerating roots

Question 18

• roots entirely above the ground and can be classified as climbing, photosynthetic, velamen and floating

Answer 18

aerial roots

Question 19

• they pull bulbs or corms of monocots, such as hyacinth and lily, and some taproots, such as dandelion, deeper in
  the soil through expanding radially and contracting longitudinally.
• have a wrinkled surface.

Answer 19

contractile roots

Question 20

roots of parasitic plants that can absorb water and nutrients from another plant, such as in mistletoe and dodder

Answer 20

haustorial roots

Question 21

• A small knoblike outgrowth, as those found on the roots of many leguminous plants
• contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria that converts nitrogen (N2) to nitrate (NO3)

Answer 21

nodule

Question 22

• known from 90 percent of plant species and are a mutualistic association of a fungus with plant root tissue

Answer 22

mycorrhyza

Question 23

roots that form adventitious buds that develop into aboveground shoots, termed suckers, which form new plants, as in lilies, garlic, cherry and many others.

Answer 23

Propagative or reproductive roots

Question 24

roots that has strong anchorage like corn

Answer 24

prop roots

Question 25

roots are modified for storage of food (starch or sucrose) or water, such as carrots and beets

Answer 25

storage or fleshy roots