Unit 3 Study Gide

Question 1

What is meant by selection pressure?

Answer 1

any environmental factor that affects which individuals survive and reproduce

Question 2

What is its role in natural seclection

Answer 2

Individuals with helpful traits survive and reproduce more of those traits

Question 3

Explain the difference between GENES and ALLELES

Answer 3

A gene controls traits, and an allele is a version of a gene

Question 4

What is an example of a gene?

Answer 4

eye color

Question 5

What is an example of an allele?

Answer 5

brown or blue

Question 6

Describe what is meant by trait distribution

Answer 6

how common each trait is in a population

Question 7

What is a genetic drift?

Answer 7

change in population due to chance, not selection

Question 8

What is evolution

Answer 8

causes random changes over time

Question 9

Why are small populations more susceptible to genetic drift than larger ones?

Answer 9

Random events have a bigger impact

Question 10

a population bottlenck is a type of gentic drift

Answer 10

a random event/natural disaster that destroys most of a population ( a storm thst killd most of the population)

Question 11

The founder effect is another type of genetic drift described how it occurs

Answer 11

A small group starts a new population with limited genes (a few animals moved to a new island)

Question 12

What is a mutation?

Answer 12

is a change in the DNA sequence ( creates new traits that natural selection can act on/benefit from)

Question 13

What is natural selection?

Answer 13

The process where organisms with helpful traits survive and reproduce

Question 14

What is evolution?

Answer 14

change in a population’s traits over generations

Question 15

What is the relationship between natural selection and evolution?

Answer 15

Natural selection is a way that evolution happens

Question 16

What are the 5 ways that natural selection occurs

Answer 16

1) Populations have variation in traits
2) There is competition for resources
3) Individuals with helpful traits have higher fitness
4) Those traits are heritable and passed to offspring
5) Over many generations the population changes and become beter adapted

Question 17

What did Lamarck think was happening with the giraffes? 3

Answer 17

1) Lamarck would say giraffes stretched their necks to get the leaves of the tall trees
2) Their necks became longer during their lifetime
3) They pasted the longer necks to the offspring

Question 18

What kind of animals are whales?

Answer 18

Mammal

Question 19

What traits make a whale different from other mammals?

Answer 19

Fully in water, flipper, tail, fluke, breath out of a blowhole, hairless

Question 20

How traits you see in the fossil record changed over time in the ancestors of the whale 4

Answer 20

1) Early whale ancestors lived on land
2) Over time, they developed adaptations for swimming
3) their front legs became flippers, and their hind legs shrank
4) bodies became longer, more stramlined and nostols moves to the top of their heads

Question 21

how dose fossil evidence provide evidence for evolution

Answer 21

Fossils appear in different rock layers, with older fossils found deeper. The changes in the new fossils from the old ones show how they evolved

Question 22

Who is the closest land-dwelling relative to whales?

Answer 22

Hippoptamus

Question 23

How did we determine the answer to the previous question? What type of evidence?

Answer 23

using DNA comparisons and similarities in skeletal structures

Question 24

how dose these similarities in embryological development provide evidence for eolution

Answer 24

similarities in embryos, like temporary hind limbs in whales, show that species share a common ancestor

Question 25

What are the diagrams called

Answer 25

Cladogram

Question 26

How these Cladograms are constructed

Answer 26

They are constructed by comparing shared traits and characteristics among organisms

Question 27

How are these Cladograms used to demonstrate?

Answer 27

They are used to demonstrate evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 28

What two organisms are more closely related?

Answer 28

mouse and chimp

Question 29

What is the difference between the mice and the sea slug?

Answer 29

100

Question 30

What species is most closely related to humans?

Answer 30

gorilla

Question 31

How do fossils and similarities in mammals provide evidence for evolution? 3

Answer 31

1) Fossils show how species change over time 2) DNA and protein similarities show common ancestry 3) Together, they support the theory of evolution

Question 32

What is speciation?

Answer 32

the process by which new species form

Question 33

What is a population

Answer 33

a group of organisms living in same area

Question 34

What is a species

Answer 34

a population whose members can interbreed do interbreed produce varvarabe firtail off spring

Question 35

What are the 4 speciation

Answer 35

1) A population becomes isolated 2) genetic difference developed through mutation an narural selction 3) The group becomes increasingly different over time 4) reproductive isolation ocrurs forim and new species

Question 36

Geographical isolation

Answer 36

Isolated separated by physical barriers

Question 37

Reproductive isolation

Answer 37

Reproductive isolation populations cannot interbreed even when they live near each other

Question 38

Behavioral isolation 

Answer 38

Differences in mating behaviors prevents them from breeding 

Question 39

Temporal isolation 

Answer 39

Species breed at different times 

Question 40

Why is it that a indiviual cant evolve, only a population can evole

Answer 40

cannot evolve because Evolution happens through a change in traits within a population over Generations

Question 41

What is coevolution?

Answer 41

Coevolution is when two species in influence each other's Evolution over time

Question 42

What is the contrast of the predator-prey coevolution with mutualism 2

Answer 42

predator-prey) one species benefits while the other is harmed Mutualism), both species benefit

Question 43

What is a exaplale of coevolution in natural selection?

Answer 43

The hummingbird and flowers evolve toghter as the bird developed long beaks and the flowers devolped maching shapes to help with poluination

Question 44

What is sexual selection?

Answer 44

a type of natural selection where traits scare favoerd because they incress mating success

Question 45

What is the role of sexual selection in natural selction

Answer 45

increase traits that help oraginasms attract mates or compete for mates

Question 46

Direct selection

Answer 46

One trait is favored, the dark moths in the revolution

Question 47

stabilizing selection

Answer 47

likes the average human birth rates

Question 48

disruptive selection

Answer 48

likes both extremes, big teeth and little teeth