Unit 3 - Sugar Control

Question 1

What is glucose

Answer 1

A type of sugar used to provide energy

Question 2

Why is glucose so important

Answer 2

• Needed for cellular respiration, muscle contraction, nervous transaction
• If there was too much sugar; water would leave cells meaning they were non-functional (causes crenation) and vise versa (lysis)

Question 3

Why does sugar need to be controlled

Answer 3

To avoid damage by osmosis

Question 4

What affects glucose levels?

Answer 4

• What you eat eg if you eat sugary meal, goes straight into the blood
• Excercise - decreases because it’s being used by cells for respiration

Question 5

Which two hormones are involved in controlling blood sugar levels?

Answer 5

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 6

Which 2 organs are involved in control of blood sugar levels?

Answer 6

The Liver and the Pancreas

Question 7

Explain what happens when glucose rises (when you eat food)

Answer 7

Insulin is produced by the pancreas which causes the liver to change glucose to glycogen

Question 8

Explain what happens when blood glucose levels are too low (aka after excercise)

Answer 8

Glucagon is secreted by the pancreas and is turned into glucose

Question 9

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 9

A condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin, meaning that a persons blood glucose can rise to a level that can kill them

Question 10

Explain how type 1 diabetes can be controlled

Answer 10

• Liminting the intake of food rich in simple carbohydrates i.e sugars
• Regular excercise - this helps lower the blood glucose level
• Insulin therapy (injecting insulin) - people with type 1 often inject at mealtime, to make sure that glucose is removed from the blood quickly once food has been digested. (This stops the level of glucose in the blood from getting too high and is very effective)

Question 11

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 11

Where the body doesn’t produce enough insulin

Question 12

Symptoms of undiagnosed diabetes

Answer 12

• Excessive urinating
• Excessive thirst
• Weight loss
• Lethargy
• Blurred vision (due to dehydrated receptor cells)

Question 13

Where did people used to get insulin from vs how they get it nowadays

Why is this good?

Answer 13

Insulin used to be extracted from the pancreases of pigs/cows, but it is now made by genetic engineering

The new insulin doesn’t cause adverse reactions like animal insulin did