Unit 3 Terms

Question 1

Co-immunoprecipitation experiments

Answer 1

• LC-MS/MS Liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)
• LC: separates components
• MS/MS: measures the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z).
• Guess the identity from library of peptides

GOAL: Allows identification of all proteins in the mix! Not just one, less time costly

Question 2

Streptavidin protein produced by Streptomyces avidinii

Answer 2

• Has strong biotin-binding ability
• Use Streptavidin beads to separate all the biotinylated proteins
• Biotinylated proteins are separated by a streptavidin column
• Biotinylated proteins will remain at the column and the rest will flow out

Question 3

Myelin Sheath

Answer 3

• Electrical insulator surrounding axon
• Increases the rate at which an axon can conduct an action potential.
• Vertebrates only

Question 4

Chemical vs electrical synapses

Answer 4

Chem:
- Gap junctions
- No neurotransmitters
- Faster

Electrical:
- Neurotransmitters+Receptors
- Synaptic cleft
- Common

Question 5

Optogenetics

Answer 5

Biological technique to control the activity of neurons or other cell types with light. This is achieved by expression of light-sensitive ion channels in neurons.
- Channelrhodopsins are photosensitive ion channels that open in response to light.

Question 6

neurotransmitter

Answer 6

• small signal molecule secreted by the presynaptic nerve cell at a chemical synapse to relay the signal to the postsynaptic cell.
• diverse molecule types

Question 7

Fluorescent calcium sensors

Answer 7

commonly used to measure increases in intracellular Ca2+ in neurons as a proxy for neuronal activity

Question 8

neuromuscular junction

Answer 8

specialized chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle cell

Question 9

acetylcholine receptor

Answer 9

ligand-gated ion channel that opens transiently by acetylcholine released from the motoneuron

Question 10

M phase

Answer 10

nuclear division (mitosis) and cell division (cytokinesis)

Question 11

Importance of Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells

Answer 11

Many important discoveries about cell-cycle control have come from systematic searches for mutations in yeasts that inactivate genes encoding essential components of the cell-cycle control system