Unit 3 Test

Question 1

P Waves

Answer 1

Primary Waves, can go through liquid, solids, and gases and are stronger than s waves

Question 2

S Waves

Answer 2

Secondary Waves, can only go through solids and are weaker than p waves

Question 3

Theory of Plate Tectonics

Answer 3

States that the Earth’s surface is made up of giant, moving slabs called tectonic plates

Question 4

4 Effects of an Earthquake

Answer 4

People dying
Buildings destroyed
Tsunamis
Fires

Question 5

What are the compositional layers of the Earth from Least dense to dense

Answer 5

Crust, mantle, and core

Question 6

What is the Crust Made up of?

Answer 6

Silicates

Question 7

What’s the Mantle Made of?

Answer 7

Iron and Magnesium

Question 8

What’s the Core made of?

Answer 8

Iron and nickel

Question 9

Lithosphere

Answer 9

Divided into pieces called the tectonic plates

Question 10

What are the 5 physical layers of Earth from the Surface to the Center and describe them

Answer 10

Lithosphere (Solid)
Asthenosphere (Solid/ Soft mantle)
Mesosphere (Solid)
Outer Core (Liquid)
Inner Core (Solid)

Question 11

What’s a Subduction Zone?

Answer 11

The process by which one tectonic plate is pulled beneath another

Question 12

How is Continental lithosphere different from the oceanic lithosphere?

Answer 12

Oceanic is thinner and denser while Continental is thicker and less dense

Question 13

What are three mechanisms that cause plate movement?

Answer 13

Ridge Push
Slab Pull
Mantle Convection

Question 14

Ridge Push

Answer 14

When rock near the crest of the mid-ocean ridge slowly slide down the slope of the ridge, pushing the older oceanic slab in front of it

Question 15

Slab Pull

Answer 15

When an oceanic slab moves away from a mid-ocean ridge, the slab becomes colder and denser.
Once the slab subducts, the cooler, denser, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the hotter mantle and pulls the rest of the slab with it

Question 16

4 pieces of evidence for Continental Drift and Explain

Answer 16

Rocks and Fossils: Rocks and Fossils of the same species are found in different continents
The Shape of the Continents: The locations of the mountains and ranges and rock formations are similar
Climatic Evidence: Location of coal deposits and past glacial activity found in multiple continents with differing temperatures
Continents Edges/Puzzle: The edges of ridges of the continents connect together like a puzzle

Question 17

What 5 Pieces of Evidence Led to the Theory of Plate Tectonics

Answer 17

Mid-Ocean Ridge
Age and Magnetic properties of the sea-floor
Sea-floor spreading
Ocean Trenches-Subduction
Volcanic Activity

Question 18

Mantle Convection

Answer 18

Any movement of matter that results from differences in density within the mantle

Question 19

What Are the 3 types of Stress

Answer 19

Compression
Tension
Shear Stress

Question 20

What are three types of faults and the boundary they occur in?

Answer 20

Normal Fault (Divergent Boundary)/ Tension
Reverse Fault (Convergent Boundary/ Compression
Strike-Slip (Transform Boundary/ Shear- Stress

Question 21

How can Plate Tectonic Motion Cause Land Deformations?

Answer 21

They can produce landforms, faults, mid-ocean ridges, volcanic chains, and other deformations

Question 22

Compression

Answer 22

Stress that squeezes or shortens a material

Question 23

Tension

Answer 23

Stress that lengthens a material or pulls a material apart

Question 24

Shear Stress

Answer 24

Causes material to twist or become distorted

Question 25

Study the fault images

Question 26

What are 3 types of mountains and how are they formed?

Answer 26

Folded Mountain: The collision of two Continental plates Volcanoes: When oceanic and continental plates collide Fault-Block Mountain: When rock breaks at a divergent boundary

Question 27

Study what the images of the boundaries look like

Question 28

Study how the mountain Scrapbook project related to the chapter

Question 29

Earthquake

Answer 29

Ground movements that occur when blocks of rock in the Earth move suddenly and releases energy

Question 30

Focus

Answer 30

A place within the Earth along a fault when the first motion of an earthquake occurs

Question 31

Epicenter

Answer 31

Directly above the focus

Question 32

Elastic Deformation

Answer 32

The process by which rock becomes deformed and changes shape

Question 33

Where do Earthquakes Occur?

Answer 33

Convergent Boundary Divergent Boundary Transform Boundary

Question 33

Elastic Rebound

Answer 33

The process by which rock returns to its original shape after elastic deformation

Question 34

What's the difference between S and P Waves? How are these important to the prediction of earthquakes

Answer 34

P waves travel faster and are stronger than s waves, and can also go through liquids, solids, and gasses while s waves can only go through solids They can tell us how far away the earthquake is, how strong it is, and whether a tsunami will occur or not due to which wave it is

Question 35

Continental Drift

Answer 35

The hypothesis that todays continents were once a single land mass called Pangaea

Question 36

Seismic Waves

Answer 36

Waves of energy that are caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the Earth or an explosion

Question 37

Sea-Floor Spreading

Answer 37

The process by which tectonic plates under the ocean pull apart, allowing magma to rise from the mantle, cooling and creating a new ocean floor

Question 38

Magnetic Reversal

Answer 38

Earth's magnetic poles swapping

Question 39

Convection Current

Answer 39

Any movement of matter that results from differences in density

Question 40

Asthenosphere

Answer 40

Solid, thin later of mantle material below the lithosphere

Question 41

What do the Physical Layers Mean

Answer 41

They mean the chemical composition of the Earth that describe the planets internal structure based on how the materials behave

Question 42

What Two Way Terms do Scientists think about Earth's Layers

Answer 42

Chemical Composition and Physical Properties

Question 43

Mesosphere

Answer 43

Lower part of the mantle material below the lithosphere