Section of a concerto in which the soloist plays alone without the orchestra in an improvisatory style
Cadenza
Music— such as art songs, piano, character, pieces, and string quartets— primarily performed in small spaces, often for personal entertainment
Chamber music
Optional final section of a movement, that reasserts the home key of the movement, and provides a sense of conclusion
Coda
- Instruction that is commonly found at the end of the B section/trio of a minuet trio, to return to the “head” or first section
- generally resulting in an A - B - A form
Da capo
The middle section of a sonata form movement in which the themes and key areas introduced in the exposition or developed
Development
- Form of the first movement of a classical period.
- Concerto that combines the exposition, development, and recapitulation of sonata form with the retornello form used for the first movements of Baroque concertos.
- called first Movement concerto form
- Mozart made this form
Double-Exposition Form
- First section of a sonata, form movement, where the themes and key areas of the movement are introduced
- The section normally modulates from the home key to a different key
Exposition
A momentary shifting from a duple to a triple, or vice versa
Hemiola
- Form based on the minuet dance
- consists of a minuet (A), then a contrasting trio (B), followed by a return to the minuet (A)
Minuet and trio form
Comic style of opera, made famous by Mozart
Opera Buffa
Serious style of 18th century opera made famous by Handel, generally features, mythology, or highborn characters and plots
Opera Seria
The plucking of a bow string instrument, such as violin, producing a percussive affect
Pizzicato
- Third and final section of a sonata form movement
- The themes of the exposition return, now in the home key of the movement
Recapitulation
- Instrumental form
- consisting of the alternation of a refrain “A” with contrasting sections (“B”, “C”, “D”, etc.)
- often the final movements of string quartets, classical symphonies, concerti, and sonata.
Rondo
- Form that prominently replaced the minuet in symphonies and string quartets
- Similar to minuet
- Ternary form and have a triple feel although they tend to be so much faster tempo did a minuet
Sherzo
- A form often found in the first and last movements of sonatas, symphonies, and string quartets
- consisting of three parts (exposition, development, and recapitulation)
Sonata form
- Performing ensemble, consisting of two violinists, one violinist, and one cellist that plays compositions
- These compositions are generally in four movements
String Quartet
- Multi-movement composition for orchestras
- often four movements
Symphony
- describes a musical composition in three parts
- Often featuring two similar sections, separated by a contrasting section
- represented by the letters A - B - A
Ternary Form
- The presentation of a theme, and then variations upon it.
- The sea may be illustrated as A, with any number of variations following it
- ex. A’ A’’ A’’’ A’’’’
Theme and variation form
A piece that sounds fairly complete an independent, but it’s part of a larger composition
Movement
Who is Beethoven influenced by?
Haydn and Mozart
What was going on during the lifetimes of Hayden, Mozart and Beethoven
American war for independence
What was Mozart famous for?
Operatic music
