Unit 4 Flashcards

Question

Explain hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) 🌝

Answer 1

Yellow discoloration of skin, sclera, and mucous membranes Tx: regular feedings, blue light phototherapy 🔦

Answer 2

Progressive obstruction of bile ducts S/s: jaundice 2-3w after birth, ABD distention, clay colored stools, and bleeding Tx: Liver transplant 🔪

Answer 3

Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by virus S/s: jaundice, fever, ABD pain Tx: supportive care, usually self-limiting

Answer 4

Scarring of the liver Tx: low-sodium, low-protein diet, fluid restrictions

Answer 5

Child: Kidney takes up more space Shorter urethra GFR is slower Kidneys gain functional maturity by age 2 ✅️

Answer 6

Creatinine blood test 🧪 (Waste product of muscle filtered by kidneys)

Answer 7

Bacteria infiltrate urethra and bladder, leading to infection 🦠 Cystitis = 🦠 in urethra/bladder Pyelonephritis = 🦠 in ureters/kidney Tx: abx, IV if Pyelnephritis‼️ Phenazopyridine for symptoms 😌

Answer 8

Urinary incontinence past the age of toilet training - assess for asymptomatic UTI 🔥 Tx: fluid restrictions before bed, timed voiding, antidiuretics

Answer 9

Foreskin cannot be retracted - normal for newborn, problematic after toddler age Tx: steroid creams for 2 - 8W, Can lead to Paraphimosis ➡️🚫 - foreskin becomes stuck behind head of penis ⚠️Emergency⚠️ S/s: edema, bleeding, erythema, pain Tx: circumcision 🔪

Answer 10

One or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum S/s: absence of testicle in scrotum - examine in a calm & warm environment 🌄😌 Tx: orchioplexy 🔪 6M - 15M

Answer 11

Intestines protrude through weak spot on abdominal wall S/s: palpable, round, smooth, non-tender mass that increases with crying - incarcerated (strangled) hernias require immediate medical attention to prevent ischemia 🔵⚠️ Tx: surgery 🔪

Answer 12

Fluid accumulates in scrotal sac S/s: painless swelling Tx: self-limiting, resolves by 1Y, if not then surgery 🔪

Answer 13

Testicle rotates and twists spermatic cord, cutting off blood supply 🔄😱 S/s: sudden severe pain⚡️, swelling Tx: Surgery 🔪 ⚠️ EMERGENCY CONDITION ⚠️

Answer 14

Urethral meatus is not at the end of the penis •Hypospadias = ventral (Him) •Epispadias = dorsal (Everyone) S/s: urine stream observed to come from elsewhere Tx: surgery 🔪 6M - 12M, double-diaper postoperatively ⚠️ avoid circumcision ⚠️

Answer 15

Bladder extrudes outside the body Tx: cover with plastic wrap to keep moist, supine position, change diapers immediately, surgery 🔪 48 - 72hrs post birth

Answer 16

Kidney damage leading to protein albumin loss through urine S/s: gold foamy urine 🍺, edema, low albumin, hyperlipidemia, impaired immunity Tx: Corticosteroids, IV albumin, fluid restriction, diuretics

Answer 17

Inflammation of kidneys NOT caused by direct infection - seen a week after Group A Strep infection, leukocytes clog everything up! ⚪️❌️ S/s: hematuria, edema, HTN Tx: maintain BP and fluid volume, salt restrictions, rest

Answer 18

Small blood vessels in the body become damaged, releasing clots that clog up the kidneys - occurs after infections 🤒 S/S: thrombocytopenia, anemia, renal failure ‼️ (can also present like a GI bug) Tx: manage symptoms, dialysis

Answer 19

Kidneys are unable to filter and excrete waste products 🚫🧹 Acute ⏰️ vs Chronic 🗓 Tx: maintain F&E, Hyper & hypotension, dialysis and transplant (chronic)

Answer 20

Cancerous mass growing on unilateral kidney S/s: asymptomatic, Abdominal mass (do not palpate!) Tx: Nephrectomy, chemotherapy ☢️

Unit 4 Flashcards

(44 cards)