Promoted a vision of Canada as a bilingual and multicultural nation; Introduced the Official Languages Act to ensure English and French have equal status.
Pierre Trudeau
Canada’s first Prime Minister
John A. Macdonald
Acknowledged the Quebecois as a “nation within a united Canada,” recognizing their distinct collective identity.
Stephen Harper
Described Canada as a “community of communities”, emphasizing the role of the government in recognizing diverse groups.
Joe Clark
Emphasized the importance of maintaining the Union and a strong federal government to prevent the country from breaking apart.
John A. Macdonald
Leaders in the 1840s who campaigned to achieve responsible government in Canada.
Robert Baldwin & Louis- Hippolyte LaFontaine
Known for his aggressive immigration campaign in the late 1890s intended to settle the Canadian West.
Clifford Sifton
Represented Quebec Nationalist/Sovereignist perspectives, arguing that multiculturalism can conflict with the protection of French language and culture.
Gilles Duceppe & Pauline Marois
Recognized the Quebecois as a nation within Canada, accepted that they have their own unique identity.
Stephen Harper
Canada is made up of many communities, and the government should acknowledge and respect their differences.
Joe Clark
He believed it was important to keep Canada united and have a strong federal government to prevent the country from breaking apart.
John A. Macdonald
Leaders in t he 1840s worked to gain responsible government in Canada.
Robert Baldwin & Louis-Hippolyte LaFontiane
Aggressive in campaigning immigration in late 1890s
Clifford Sifton
Argues that multicultural can conflict with the safety of French language and culture.
Gilles Duceppe & Pauline Marois
Differences in economic development and geography that can affect national cohesion
Regionalism
Worries that the number of French-speaking in Canada is getting smaller because more immigrants are coming and more languages are being used.
Demographic Shifts
The people, government, or groups working together because they are from the same area, to share because they are from the same area, to share benefits and support common interests.
Regionalism
Having or accepting people of different social classes, religions, races, etc. but continue to have their different traditions and interests.
Pluralistic
Canada’s way of handling cultural diversity is that different ethnic groups keep their own identities while still being part of the country.
Cultural Mosaic
The power of a people (such as Indigenous groups or Quebecois) to control their own affairs and make their own decisions.
Self-Determination/Self- Governance
The right of a group of people to govern themselves and make their own choices.
Self-Determination/Self Governance
Financial support provided by the federal government to less wealthy provinces to ensure all citizens have access to comparable public services.
Equalization Payments
Money given by the federal government so everyone can have similar public services.
Equalization Payments
The Act that adopted the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
The Constitution Act
