Corruption
abuse of entrusted power for private gain
fraud
an act, expression, omission, or concealment calculated to induce another to part with something of value or to surrender a legal right
Embezzlement
appropriating something entrusted to one’s care for one’s own use
money laundering
transferring illegally obtained money or investments through an outside party to disguise its true source
revolving door
movement of individuals between positions of public office and jobs in the private or voluntary sector, in either direction
shell company
Shell companies are companies without active business operations or significant assets. They are often used for illegal purposes (e.g. tax evasion, disguising business ownership to evade law enforcement) but need not be. Some legitimate uses for such companies are: raising start-up funds, conducting a hostile takeover or going public
kleptocratic regime
states in which there is no distinction between the public and private spheres and where the ruler and his associates… take as much of the country’s wealth as they wish
informal sector/economy
The informal sector or informal economy refers to economic activities that are commonly unregulated, untaxed, lack government oversight and are conducted outside the scope of a country’s regulatory and legal frameworks
public order
The notion of a public order is commonly invoked in legal theory. It refers to the normal functioning of a stable and peaceful political society. Crimes against public order are crimes that disturb or undermine this normal functioning such as public drunkenness, prostitution and unlawful assembly or riot
common good
The common good refers to the common interests citizens of a political society share. In other contexts, the common good may also refer to “the facilities - material, cultural, institutional - that members of a political society provide to all other members in order to fulfill a relational obligation they have to care for [the] interests they have in common”.
noble cause corruption
cases “in which corruption is directly beneficial to promoting justice or citizens’ rights” (7). Ceva and Ferretti note that it is arguable such cases are instances of corruption at all. But on the = assumption these cases do count as corruption, Ceva and Ferretti think we should treat them differently i.e. not as cases of political corruption but as cases of justified law-breaking
