1
Q
What are the bones of the cranium? (6)
A
- Ethmoid bone
- Sphenoid bone
- Temporal bones
- Frontal bone
- Parietal bones
- Occipital Bone
2
Q
What are the five portions of the temporal bone?
A
- squamous
- tympanic
- mastoid
- petrous
- styloid
3
Q
What is under the tympanic portions of the temporal bones?
A
external auditory canal
4
Q
What is under the petrous portions of the temporal bones?
A
inner ear
5
Q
What is the temporal line of the parietal bones?
A
Where the temporalis muscles attach
6
Q
What is the metopic suture of the frontal bone?
A
Where the nose connects to the frontal bone
7
Q
Which bone contains the foramen magnum?
A
occipital
8
Q
What comes through the foramen magnum?
A
The spinal column
9
Q
What is directly underneath the condyles on the occipital bone?
A
the atlas
10
Q
What are the sutures of the cranium? (4)
A
- Coronal
- Sagittal
- Lamboidal
- Squamosal
11
Q
What are the parts of the mandible?
A
- corpus
- symphesis
- ramus
- angle
- coronoid process
- condylar process
- mental foramen
- mandibular foramen
12
Q
What are the bones of the anterior face?
A
- Mandible
- Maxillae
- Zygomatic bones
13
Q
What is craniosynotosis?
A
birth defect in which one or more of the joints between the bones of the skull closes prematurely, before the brain is fully formed.
(holes are called fontanel)
14
Q
What are the movements made by the mandible?
A
- hinging
- gliding
- lateral
15
Q
What are the elevator muscles of the mandible? (3)
A
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
- temporalis
16
Q
What are the depressor muscles of the mandible? (4)
A
- digasticus
- mylohyoid
- geniohyoid
- lateral pterygoid
17
Q
Which mandible elevator is used for quick movements?
A
temporalis
18
Q
What are the portions of the maxillae? (4)
A
- frontal process (articulates with frontal bone)
- zygomatic process
- premaxilla (alveolar process)
- pallatine processes (back of the roof of mouth)
19
Q
What are the bones of the interior face? (4)
A
- nasal bones - bridge of nose
- palatine bones - hard palate
- nasal conchae - small bones on lateral surface of nasal cavity
- vomer (part of nasal septum)
20
Q
Which bones are the dividing lines for the cranial case and nasal pasages?
A
ethmoid and sphenoid
21
Q
which part of the ethmoid bone is also a part of the nasal septum?
A
perpendicular plate
22
Q
what are the cribriform plates?
A
part of ethmoid; separate nasal and cranial space
23
Q
the nasal conchae are part of which bone?
A
ethmoid bone
24
Q
what are the orbital plates of the ethmoid?
A
form medial orbit
25
What are the parts of the ethmoid bone?
- crista galli
- perpendicular plate
- middle and superior nasal conchae
- cribriform plates
- orbital plates
26
Which bone has greater and lesser wings and the pterygoid process?
sphenoid bone
27
What are the parts of the vocal tract?
Oral cavity
nasal cavity
pharyngeal cavity
28
What are the boundaries of the oral cavity? (6)
- anterior faucial pillar (palatoglossal)
- posterior faucial arch (palatopharyngeal)
- incisor teeth and lips
- teeth and cheeks
- tongue
- hard palate
29
What are the structures of the oral cavity? (6)
- lips
- cheek
- tongue
- hard palate
- velum
- teeth
30
What are the landmarks of the lips? (4)
- vermillion border
- cupid's bow
- philtrum
- columella
31
What are the transverse muscles of the lips? (2)
- orbicularis oris
| - risorius
32
What does the orbicularis oris do?
encircles the mouth, acts as sphincter to purse the lips
33
What does the risorius do?
fibers insert into the corners of the mouth; assists to retract the lips
34
What are the angular muscles of the lips?
- levator labii superior
- levator labii superioris alaegue nasi
- zygomatic minor
- zygomatic major
- depressor labii inferioris
35
What are the vertical muscles of the lips?
- mentalis
- depressor anguili oris (triangulari)
- levator anguli oris
36
What is the main muscle of the cheek?
buccinator muscle - pulls and stretches lips, inserts at corner of mouth
37
What are the landmarks of the tongue? (4)
- tip
- dorsum
- root
- pharyngeal
38
What is the dividing line between the lingual and pharyngeal tongue?
foramen cecum and terminal sulcus
39
What are the bumps on the tongue called?
papillae
40
What are the intrinsic lingual muscles? (4)
- superior longitudinal
- inferior longitudinal
- transversus
- vertical
41
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue used for?
fine movements... important for speech
42
What are the extrinsic lingual muscles? (4)
- genioglossus
- hyoglossus
- styloglossus
- palatoglossus
43
What are the extrinsic lingual muscles important for?
where the tongue is in your mouth
44
What is ankyloglossia?
lingual frenulum is short and restricts movement
45
what is macroglossia?
very big tongue?
46
what is microglossia?
very small tongue
47
What are the four parts of the maxilla bone that make up the hard palate?
- premxilla (contains four upper front teeth)
- alveolar process (gum ridge)
- zygomatic process (out to the side)
- palatine process
48
What are the palatine bones that make up the hard palate? (2)
- posterior nasal spine (attaches to the nose?)
| - horizontal plate
49
What are the sutures of the hard palate?
- transverse palatine suture
- premaxillary suture
- intermaxillary suture
50
For cleft palate, what can there be a cleft of?
- lip
- hard palate
- soft palate
- combination
- submucosal cleft
51
what are the four types of cleft palate?
- complete
- incomplete
- unilateral
- bilateral
52
What IS a cleft palate?
interruption of fusion between primitive late and palatine process
53
What are the paired muscles of the velum? (4)
- tensor veli palatini
- levator veli palatini
- uvulae uscularis
- palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus
54
What is the function of the tensor veli palatini?
dilates Eustachian tube
55
what does the levator veli palatini do?
primary elevator, bulk of velum, elevates and retracts
56
What does the uvulae muscularis do?
shortens velum (elevator, embedded within uvula, medial and posterior portion of velum)
57
What are the palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus?
depressors
58
What is velopharyngeal insufficiency?
velum won't close all the way
59
What is the primary resonance structure?
velum
60
what is passavant's pad?
superior constrictor muscle
61
The velum can alter the size and shape of what?
nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx
62
How many deciduous teeth are there, typically?
20
63
How many permanent teeth are there, typically?
32
64
What does occlusion mean?
contact between upper and lower teeth
65
What is class I malocclusion?
incisors don't line up
66
What is class II malocclusion?
overbite
67
What is class III malocclusion?
underbite
68
What are the five surfaces of the teeth?
-buccal - closest to cheek
-lingual - closest to tongue
-occlusal - surface that meets with other teeth
medial - between the tooth and the tooth in front of it
-distal - between the tooth and the tooth behind it
69
What separates the two nasal cavities?
septum
70
what is the septum made of?
vomer, cartilage, ehtmoid
71
What is the roof of the nasal cavity?
sphenoid bone
72
what is the floor of the nasal cavity?
hard palate
73
What are the projections of the nasal cavity?
nasal conchae
74
WHat are the four sinuses?
frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid
75
Which two sinuses are present at birth?
maxillary, ethmoid
76
What does respiratory epithelium do?
- lines the respiratory tract
- clean, warms, moistens air
- kills bacteria
77
What are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx?
superior, middle, inferior
78
What are the muscles of the pharynx?
constrictors, cricopharyngeus
79
What are the resonance structures and cavities? (12)
- glottis
- ventricular space
- epiglottis
- space between aryepiglottic folds
- laryngopharynx
- oropharynx
- oral cavity
- hard palate
- velum
- velopharyngeal port
- nasopharynx
- nasal cavity
80
What is the source filter theory?
sound is generated at source, changed by different filters within the resonant cavities
81
What are the sources of sound for the source-filter theory?
glottis, oral cavity (for voiceless consonants)
82
How can the vocal tract be adjusted?
- elevation or depression of the larynx
- contraction or relaxation of the muscles of the pharynx
- elevation or lowering of the velum
- elevation or flattening of the dorsum of the tongue
- moving the tongue forward or backward
- elevation or depression of the tip of the tongue
- raising or lowering the mandible
- pursing, rounding, or retracting the lips
83
What is the resonant frequency of the vocal tract?
the frequency to which the sound cavity most effectively responds
84
What affects the resonant frequency of the vocal tract?
volume, length
Anatomy
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