Unit 4 Chapter 22

Question 0

What were the motives for exploration?

Answer 0

• search of resources and land
• desire to est. new trade routes
• expand influence of christianity

Question 1

What are some things that made transoceanic travel & trade possible?

Answer 1

European technological developments in cartography and navigation & production of new tools

Question 2

What caused the Portuguese to want to create sugar plantations on the Atlantic islands?

Answer 2

The fact that European demand for sugar was strong & increasing

Question 3

What are some innovations in the technology for exploration?

Answer 3

• ships & sails (development of triangular lateen sail & square sails)
• navigation instruments (compasses & astrolabes)
• knowledge of winds & currents (Volta de mar)

Question 4

Name some examples of people who conducted voyages of exploration from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.

Answer 4

• prince Henry of Portugal
• Vasco da Gama
• Christopher Columbus

Question 5

Name some examples of people who conducted voyages of exploration from the Atlantic to the Pacific

Answer 5

• Ferdinand Magellan (circumnavigated the globe & Spain est’d trade routes between Mexico and the Philippines
• James Cook

Question 6

Who built the earliest trading post empire? What was their goal?

Answer 6

The Portuguese & their goal was to control trade routes by forcing merchant ships to pay whenever they passed one of their trading posts.

Question 7

Who else built trading posts? How did these people conduct trade?

Answer 7

The English & the Dutch; through joint stock companies

Question 8

What were the two joint stock companies that the Dutch and English created?

Answer 8

The English East India Company, founded in 1600
The United East India Company (VOC), Dutch company founded in 1602
Both were private enterprises, enjoyed government support, little oversight

Question 9

What did the Europeans do in South East Asia?

Answer 9

In the Philippines & Indonesia, euro. ppl conq’d existing authority & imposed their rule

Question 10

Describe the foundations of the Russian empire in Asia.

Answer 10

• mid 1500s expansion begins
• took over several mongol khanates in Central Asia
• offered opportunities for trade w/ the Ottoman Empire, Iran & India

Question 11

Why did merchants & explorers make their way into Siberia?

Answer 11

They did it bc they were searching for fur

Question 12

Describe the Seven Years’ War.

Answer 12

(1756-1763) conflict fought in Europe and its overseas colonies; in N.America known as French and Indian war

Question 13

What was the outcome of the seven years war?

Answer 13

Outcome: British hegemony

British gained control of India, Canada, Florida

Question 14

What is the Colombian exchange?

Answer 14

It’s the global diffusion of food crops, animals, people, and diseases between the old world and the new world

Question 15

What are some effects of the Colombian exchange?

Answer 15

• epidemic diseases spread –> popu.decline
• introd. of american crops to Europe
• voluntary & forced migrations

Question 16

What are the Manila galleons and what do they do?

Answer 16

They are Spanish trading ships & the Europeans used them to trade silver (basis of Chinese currency) to the Chinese in exchange for Chinese gold