Unit 4

Question 1

core

Answer 1

• The innermost zone off the Earth’s interior, made of mostly of iron and nickel,
• includes a liquid outer layer and a solid inner layer.

Question 2

mantle

Answer 2

The layer of Earth above the core, containing magma

Question 3

magma

Answer 3

Molten rock

Question 4

asthenosphere

Answer 4

the layer of the earth located in the outer part of the mantle, composed of semi molten rock

Question 5

crust

Answer 5

earth’s thin outermost solid layer, rocky shell

Question 5

lithosphere

Answer 5

the outermost layer of the earth, including the solid upper mantle and crust

Question 6

hot spot

Answer 6

a place where the molten material from earth’s mantle reaches the lithosphere

Question 7

plate tectonics

Answer 7

The theory that the lithosphere of Earth is divided into plates, most of which are in constant motion

Question 8

tectonic cycle

Answer 8

the process that builds up and break down the lithosphere

Question 9

convection and plate movement

Answer 9

Convection in the mantle causes oceanic plates to spread apart as new rock rises to the surface at spreading zones.

Question 9

subduction

Answer 9

Earth is covered with tectonic plates, most of which are in constant
motion.

Question 10

tectonic plates

Answer 10

Earth is covered with tectonic plates, most of which are in constant
motion.
new lithosphere added at spreading g zones and old recycled and subduction zones

Question 11

volcano

Answer 11

Earth is covered with tectonic plates, most of which are in constant
motion.

Question 12

divergent plate boundary

Answer 12

plates pull away from eachother

Question 13

seafloor spreading

Answer 13

new ocean crust is created because of magma pushes upward and outward from Earth’s mantle to the surface.

Question 14

convergent plate boundary

Answer 14

plates move toward each other

Question 15

transform fault boundary

Answer 15

plates slide past each othet

Question 16

Convergent oceanic continential

Answer 16

oceanic plate is pulled under (subducts) continential plate - volcanoes

Question 17

convergent oceanic oceanic

Answer 17

one oceanic plate is pulled under another - volcanic island

Question 18

convergent continental continental

Answer 18

formation of mountain range

Question 19

formation of oceanic crust

Answer 19

occurs near spreading zones

Question 20

volcanic activity

Answer 20

you can find this at subduction zones, convergent divergent, and seafloor spreading

Question 21

mountain ranges

Answer 21

continental continental convergent only

Question 22

increased seismic activity

Answer 22

mostly happens at transform faults, can occur at subduction zones

Question 22

fault

Answer 22

A fracture in rock caused by a movement of Earth’s crust.

Question 23

Seismic activity

Answer 23

The frequency and intensity of earthquakes experienced over time.

Question 24

fault zone

Answer 24

A large expanse of rock where a fault has occurred. (transform boundary)

Question 25

earthquake

Answer 25

The sudden movement of Earth’s crust caused by a release of potential energy along a geologic fault and usually causing a vibration or trembling at Earth’s surface.

Question 26

epicenter

Answer 26

The point on the surface of Earth directly above the location where rock ruptures during an earthquake

Question 26

ritcher scale

Answer 26

A scale that measures the largest ground movement that occurs during an earthquake. (increased by *10)

Question 27

rock cycle

Answer 27

The geologic cycle governing the constant formation, alteration, and destruction of rock material that results from tectonics, weathering, and erosion, among other processes.

Question 28

igneous rock

Answer 28

cooled magma rock

Question 29

fracture

Answer 29

In geology, a crack that occurs in rock as it cools.

Question 30

sedimentary rock

Answer 30

Rock that forms when sediments such as muds, sands, or gravels are compressed by overlying sediments.

Question 31

metamorphic rock