Unit 4: Vocabulary Study Guide

Question 1

Viremia

Answer 1

Presence of virus in the blood

Question 2

Enterotoxin

Answer 2

exotoxin that causes GI transport damage

Question 3

Toxemia

Answer 3

presence of toxins in the blood

Question 4

Cytotoxin

Answer 4

exotoxin that damages host cell membranes and inhibits protein synthesis

Question 5

Septicemia

Answer 5

presence of pathogens in the blood

Question 6

pathogenic

Answer 6

ability to cause disease

Question 7

superantigen

Answer 7

exotoxin that hyper-stimulates immune response

Question 8

endotoxin

Answer 8

glycocalyx or cell wall components (lipid A) released from dying Gram bacteria

Question 9

virulence

Answer 9

severity of an infectious disease

Question 10

exotoxin

Answer 10

toxic enzymes secreted by Gram + bacteria

Question 10

hemolysin

Answer 10

exotoxin that causes red blood cell damage

Question 11

nosocomial

Answer 11

disease caused acquired in a healthcare facility

Question 11

neurotoxin

Answer 11

exotoxin that causes motor nerve damage

Question 12

illness

Answer 12

most severe stage of infectious disease where symptoms and pathology are evident

Question 13

decline

Answer 13

stage where immune response brings infection under control

Question 14

droplet transmission

Answer 14

spread of pathogens from host to host via coughing or sneezing

Question 15

prodromal

Answer 15

period that precedes illness or onset of pathology (mild symptoms)

Question 16

direct transmission

Answer 16

spread of pathogens from host to host via contact

Question 17

incubation

Answer 17

stage of infectious disease where colonization and proliferation of pathogen occur

Question 18

indirect transmission

Answer 18

spread of pathogens from one host to another via an inanimate object (fomite)

Question 19

convalescence

Answer 19

final stage where patient recovers from illness and repairs damage

Question 20

opportunistic

Answer 20

pathogens that cause disease when immune system is suppressed or when introduced into an abnormal area of the body

Question 20

pandemic

Answer 20

occurrence of an epidemic on more than one continent simultaneously

Question 21

epidemic

Answer 21

disease that occurs at a greater than normal frequency for a given area or population

Question 22

vector

Answer 22

arthropod or animal (lice, mosquitoes, or ticks) that transmits pathogen to host

Question 23

syncytium

Answer 23

adjacent host cells fuse during some viral infections

Question 24

inclusion bodies

Answer 24

viral particles observed inside host cells

Answer 25

effects observed on skin tissue due to some viral infection